Dilemmas of Inclusion: Muslims in European Politics

https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/artpub/2020/233748/religions_a2020v11n10p516.pdf

Exclusionary Populism and Islamophobia: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Spain

ABSTRACT Several recent studies consider the determinants of misconduct by military personnel deployed to United Nations peacekeeping operations (PKOs). While the majority of peacekeepers carry out their duties honorably and often at great personal risk, these studies operate from the premise that misconduct by even a few peacekeepers can undermine a mission, and reduce support for future missions. Even so, misconduct by civilian police deployed to PKOs remains massively understudied in comparison to their military counterparts, though UN police are more likely to face credible allegations of misconduct compared to UN troops. Based on the inclusive or extractive incentives of contributor states, we find support for the argument that the behavior of security personnel at home readily predicts misconduct when deployed to PKOs. This same logic has implications for the UN's increasingly preferred ‘Formed Police Units,’ whose use may actually increase the likelihood of sexual exploitation and abuse.

Explaining Police Misconduct in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, 2010-2019

ABSTRACT At the end of 2020, the Macron government decided to dismantle the Collective Against Islamophobia in France (CCIF). The CCIF was the primary actor of anti-Islamophobia in France. Its dissolution and the end of its missions in France was a shock for Muslim communities and affected their perception of themselves as well as the trust they put in the rule of law. Macron’s government justified the CCIF’s dissolution in part by arguing that, by denouncing institutional Islamophobia, the organisation incited acts of terrorism against French institutions and its workers. However, the dismantling of the CCIF took place within the larger context of the Macron government’s frustration with the CCIF efforts to question its policies and defend Muslim rights. Thus, the reasons behind the dismantling of the CCIF demand further exploration. After explaining the social function of the CCIF, the events leading to its dissolution as well as its consequences, this paper argues that its dissolution was politically motivated and corresponds with a remodelling of the French colonial counterinsurgency doctrine used to fight against a largely fantasised Islamist separatist insurrection.

‘L’esprit de défense’: separatism, counterinsurgency and the dissolution of the Collective Against Islamophobia in France

The rise of populist parties in Europe and the increasing salience of religion in political discourse are two relevant, sometimes discussed as interrelated, phenomena of recent decades. While most ...

The use of religion by populist parties: the case of Italy and its broader implications

In Europe, the rise of populism is coupled with the rise of Islamophobia, vividly evident with exponential increases in votes for anti-Islam political parties in national elections. These parties portray Islam and Muslims as threats and maintain a position that Islam (as a religion and culture) is a threatening contrast to European values. By analysing Islamophobic discourses of the French National Front, Alternative for Germany and the Dutch Freedom Party, this article argues that Islamophobic populism targets not only Muslims, but also the incumbent leaders. By looking at the current dynamics of public opinion, this article explains how Islamophobic populism functions as an electoral strategy.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/16AEE46489964E56D21F1B54DA013E75/S0017257X19000356a.pdf/div-class-title-the-strategic-logic-of-islamophobic-populism-div.pdf

The Strategic Logic of Islamophobic Populism

Why do some authoritarian states adopt shoot-to-kill policies at their borders, while others do not when they are equally interested in reinforcing their borders? This study makes a novel contribut...

Turkan Ayda Gurkan

Papers

The Strategic Logic of Islamophobic Populism

Borders and guns: does violent repression impact border violence?

Borders and Guns: Does Violent Repression Impact Border Violence? (Accepted Article)