Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next half-century. A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration. Every element in this portfolio has passed beyond the laboratory bench and demonstration project; many are already implemented somewhere at full industrial scale. Although no element is a credible candidate for doing the entire job (or even half the job) by itself, the portfolio as a whole is large enough that not every element has to be used.

“Stabilization wedges: Solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies” from science magazine (2004)

Recent progress of surface coating on cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are a class of recently emerged smart materials whose moduli are largely influenced when exposed to an external magnetic field. The MREs are particulate composites, where micro-sized magnetic particles are dispersed inside a non-magnetic polymeric matrix. These elastomers are known for changing their mechanical and rheological properties in the presence of a magnetic field. This change in properties is widely known as the magnetorheological (MR) effect. The MR effect depends on a number of factors such as type of matrix materials, type, concentration and distribution of magnetic particles, use of additives, working modes, and magnetic field strength. The investigation of MREs’ mechanical properties in both off-field and on-field (i.e. absence and presence of a magnetic field) is crucial to deploy them in real engineering applications. The common magneto-mechanical characterization experiments of MREs include static and dynamic compression, tensile, and shear tests in both off-field and on-field. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the magneto-mechanical characterizations of MREs along with brief coverage of the MRE materials and their fabrication methods.

/pdf/a-review-on-magneto-mechanical-characterizations-of-44oze4h4zx.pdf

A review on magneto-mechanical characterizations of magnetorheological elastomers

textCurrently, companies spend a great deal of effort on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures. CSR disclosure relates to the provision of information on companies' environmental and social performance. From an economic perspective, companies might disclose this information to avoid or decrease potential political costs. We construct a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Using content analysis, we analyze 130 listed German companies' CSR disclosures (470 firm-year observations) to investigate the determinants of these voluntary disclosure activities. Our results show that, consistent with the political cost theory, German companies' disclosures of all CSR issues are affected by their visibility, shareholder structure, and relationship with their US stakeholders. In addition, higher profitability is associated with more environmental disclosures. Finally, size and industry membership affect the amount of CSR disclosure.

Determinants of voluntary CSR disclosure: Empirical evidence from Germany

/pdf/a-review-on-the-fused-deposition-modeling-fdm-3d-printing-stu4vuyk9r.pdf

A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters

http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3885_1a4ea5b0e33923c828ee024a8fa08bbc.pdf

Physicochemical Properties and Stress-Strain Compression Behaviors of a Waste based Magnetorheological Elastomers

In this study, the viscoelastic effects of the magnetic field strength imposed for curing process on the stiffness and damping properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are experimentally investigated. In order to observe the effect, three different samples of MRE are fabricated by imposing curing current of 0.1 A, 0.3 A and 0.5 A which is equivalent to the magnetic field of 70 mT, 309 mT, and 345 mT, respectively. All samples consist of 30% silicone rubber and 70% carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) by weight percentages. After observing the morphological images via SEM, the dynamic performances of these samples, such as storage modulus and loss factor are evaluated and compared as a function of the magnetic field intensity or oscillation frequency. It is shown that the sample cured at 0.5A exhibits the highest storage modulus in the frequency domain. In addition, MR effects of three samples are identified, and it is found that the sample cured at 0.5A shows the highest absolute and relative MR effect.

/pdf/effect-of-curing-current-on-stiffness-and-damping-properties-4rtgnqfl1t.pdf

Effect of Curing Current on Stiffness and Damping Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers

Objective: This review focuses on the in vitro degradation of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for analyzing the weight loss of hydroxyapatite when applied in the human body. Cytotoxicity tests were used to observe cell growth and morphological effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to observe the weight loss and viable cells of hydroxyapatite when used for implants. Method: Based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) strategy, the articles used for literature review were published in English on SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 1 January 2012 to 22 May 2021. Data regarding existing experiments in the literature articles the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity testing of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite determined the biocompatibility of the materials. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference between the solutions and soaking times used for degradation and the stem cells used for cytotoxicity. Results: From 231 relevant studies, 71 were chosen for full-text analysis, out of which 33 articles met the inclusion criteria for degradation and cytotoxicity analysis. A manual search of the field of study resulted in three additional articles. Thus, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. Significance: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of the biocompatibility of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite. The weight loss and viability cells of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite showed optimum results for viable cells requirements above 70%, and there is a weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for a material implant. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite materials with different soaking times and solutions used. The various kinds of stem cells for incubation of cultured cells in contact with a device, either directly or through diffusions with various kinds of stem cells from animals and humans, yielded viability cells above 70%.

In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study introduces a novel platform to predict complex modulus variables as a function of the applied magnetic field and other imperative variables using machine learning. The complex modulus prediction of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers is a challenging process, attributable to the material's highly nonlinear nature. This problem becomes apparent when considering various possible fabrication parameters. Furthermore, traditional parametric modeling methods are limited when applied to solve larger-scale cases involving large databases. Consequently, the application of non-parametric modeling such as machine learning has gained increasing attraction in recent years. Therefore, this work proposes a data-driven approach for predicting multiple input-dependent complex moduli using feedforward neural networks. Besides excitation frequency and magnetic flux density as operating conditions, the inputs consider compositions and curing conditions represented by magnetic particle weight percentage and the curing magnetic field, respectively. Extreme learning machines and artificial neural networks were used to train the models. The simulation results obtained at various curing conditions and other inputs confirm that the predicted complex modulus has high accuracy with an R2 of about 0.997, as compared to the experimental results. Furthermore, the predicted complex modulus pattern and magnetorheological effect agree with the experimental data using both the learned and unlearned data. 

/pdf/non-parametric-multiple-inputs-prediction-model-for-magnetic-i0g5ksbb.pdf

Non-parametric multiple inputs prediction model for magnetic field dependent complex modulus of magnetorheological elastomer

Abstrak Zakat merupakan satu-satunya rukun Islam yang selain berdimensi vertikal juga berdimensi horizontal. Zakat adalah suatu kewajiban finansial yang diambil dari orang-orang kaya yang telah menjadi wajib zakat untuk kemudian diserahkan kepada orang-orang yang kriterianya telah ditentukan dalam syariat. Dalam pelaksanaannya selain pemungutannya yang masih bersifat pasif yakni menunggu kerelaan dari wajib  zakat, juga praktek pendistribusian zakat yang sampai saat ini belum tepat sasaran jika diukur dari tujuan zakat itu sendiri yang salah satunya adalah mengentaskan mustahiq dari kemiskinan. Sehingga diperlukan model penerapan distribusi zakat yang tepat agar hasil yang didapat bisa maksimal, yang dalam hal ini salah satu bentuk distribusi zakat yang dilakukana dalah distribusi zakat produktif. Zakat produktif itu sendiri adalah suatu bentuk pendistribusian zakat kepada mustahiq dengan pendistribusian tepat guna. Lembaga Amil Zakat seperti Zakat Center Thoriqotul Jannah Cirebon ini tidak hanya mempolakan pendistribusian dana zakat hanya sebatas kegiatan yang konsumtif, tetapi juga lebih aktif dan produktif. Peranan tersebut dapat di lihat dari bentuk penyalurannya yang didistrubisikan kepada masyarakat mustahiq. Dari hal tersebut terlihat peranan penghimpunan dan pendistribusian dana zakat membawa dampak hikmah yang luar biasa, yaitu dapat mengurangi kemiskinan. Karena dana zakat tersebut tidak digunakan dengan cara konsumtif, melainkan dikelola dan dimaksimalkan sehingga dapat mensejahterakan masyarakat. Kata kunci       : Zakat Produktif , Amil, Muzakki  dan Mustahi k. Abstract Zakat is the only pillar of Islam which in addition to the horizontal dimension, vertical dimension. Zakat is a financial obligation which is taken from the rich who have become obligatory zakat to be submitted to the people that the criteria have been specified in the law. In addition to the collection implementation is still passive waiting for the willingness of the obligatory alms, zakat distribution practices also until now has not the right target when measured from the charity's own objectives, one of which is the alleviation of poverty mustahiq. So, we need a model proper application of zakat distribution for the results obtained can be maximized, which in this case one form of zakat distribution of zakat distribution dalah dilakukana productive. Zakat earning itself is a form of distribution of alms to mustahiq with appropriate distribution. Zakat Institution Center Thoriqotul Cirebon Jannah is not only the patterns of distribution of zakat funds merely consumptive activities, but also more active and productive. The role can be seen from the shape of the distribution to the public didistrubisikan mustahiq. Of it is visible the role of the collection and distribution of zakat brings tremendous wisdom impact, which can reduce poverty. Because zakat is not used in a way the consumer, but is managed and maximized so as to the welfare of society. Keywords: Zakat Productive , Amil, Muzakki and Mustahik

/pdf/penerapan-dana-zakat-produktif-terhadap-keuntungan-usaha-1vbdv6bvba.pdf

Ubaidillah Ubaidillah

Papers

Physicochemical Properties and Stress-Strain Compression Behaviors of a Waste based Magnetorheological Elastomers

Effect of Curing Current on Stiffness and Damping Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers

In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Non-parametric multiple inputs prediction model for magnetic field dependent complex modulus of magnetorheological elastomer

Penerapan dana zakat produktif terhadap keuntungan usaha mustahik zakat