다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Nano-optics of surface plasmon polaritons

The physical interaction of gases with crystalline solids: I. Gas-solid energies and properties of isolated adsorbed atoms☆

Collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces are well known to play a key role in a wide spectrum of science, ranging from physics and materials science to biology. Here we focus on a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces, such as the conventional surface plasmon, multipole plasmons and the recently predicted acoustic surface plasmon. We also review existing calculations, experimental measurements and applications.

/pdf/theory-of-surface-plasmons-and-surface-plasmon-polaritons-42vs95dnoa.pdf

Theory of surface plasmons and surface-plasmon polaritons

We develop a theory for laser-induced periodic surface structure by associating each Fourier component of induced structure with the corresponding Fourier component of inhomogeneous energy deposition just beneath the surface. We assume that surface roughness, confined to a region of height much less than the wavelength of light, is responsible for the symmetry breaking leading to this inhomogeneous deposition; we find strong peaks in this deposition in Fourier space, which leads to predictions of induced fringe patterns with spacing and orientation dependent on the angle of incidence and polarization of the damaging beam. The nature of the generated electromagnetic field structures and their relation to the simple "surface-scattered wave" model for periodic surface damage are discussed. Our calculation, which is for arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization, applies a new approach to the electrodynamics of randomly rough surfaces, introducing a variational principle to deal with the longitudinal fields responsible for local field, or "depolarization," corrections. For a $p$-polarized damaging beam our results depend on shape and filling factors of the surface roughness, but for $s$-polarized light they are essentially independent of these generally unknown parameters; thus an unambiguous comparison of our theory with experiment is possible.

Laser-induced periodic surface structure. I. Theory

The dependence of the strength of the electron-phonon coupling and the electron heat capacity on the electron temperature is investigated for eight representative metals, Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pt, W, and Ti, for the conditions of strong electron-phonon nonequilibrium. These conditions are characteristic of metal targets subjected to energetic ion bombardment or short-pulse laser irradiation. Computational analysis based on first-principles electronic structure calculations of the electron density of states predicts large deviations (up to an order of magnitude) from the commonly used approximations of linear temperature dependence of the electron heat capacity and a constant electron-phonon coupling. These thermophysical properties are found to be very sensitive to details of the electronic structure of the material. The strength of the electron-phonon coupling can either increase (Al, Au, Ag, Cu, and W), decrease (Ni and Pt), or exhibit nonmonotonic changes (Ti) with increasing electron temperature. The electron heat capacity can exhibit either positive (Au, Ag, Cu, and W) or negative (Ni and Pt) deviations from the linear temperature dependence. The large variations of the thermophysical properties, revealed in this work for the range of electron temperatures typically realized in femtosecond laser material processing applications, have important implications for quantitative computational analysis of ultrafast processes associated with laser interaction with metals.

Electron-phonon coupling and electron heat capacity of metals under conditions of strong electron-phonon nonequilibrium

A new model for dislocation motion appropriate for crystals having high Peierls stress is presented. The model makes use of dragging points on the dislocation which restrict the free motion of kinks on the line. It predicts a dislocation velocity with an exponential dependence inverse in the stress and an activation energy appropriate to kink nucleation. In extensive Appendixes, kink theory is used to develop explicit formulas for the stress dependence of the kink nucleation energy and to work out the statistical details of the nucleation rate. Also, a detailed theory of kink collisions is developed when the kink population is high. Finally, the experiments of Kabler described in the previous paper of this journal are interpreted in terms of the model with appropriate parameters for Ge.

Theory of Dislocation Mobility in Semiconductors

The diffraction of electromagnetic waves from the rough surface of a material of finite permittivity is examined for the case where the wavelength of the incident radiation is comparable to the dimensions of the surface roughness. Two methods of calculation studied are the Rayleigh method and the extinction-theorem integral-equation method. The latter is shown to have a unique exact solution. This property is, in turn, used to show how the Rayleigh method can be modified to give convergent results. The extinction theorem is also used to reduce the Rayleigh equations to a simpler form. These reduced equations, which are extremely convenient to use in the case of small roughness, are applied in this case to find perturbative expressions for the reflected field and for the surface-plasmon dispersion relation.

Optical properties of rough surfaces: General theory and the small roughness limit

Scattering of atoms by solid surfaces. I

We calculate the resonant scattering of p-polarized light incident on a randomly rough grating ruled on a medium characterized by a dielectric constant \ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})=${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega})+i${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$(\ensuremath{\omega}), where ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega})-1 and \ensuremath{\Vert}${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\Vert}${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\Vert}. Particular emphasis is placed on determining the contribution to the scattering that arises from the localization of surface polaritons due to the surface roughness. This localization is found to contribute a maximum to the angular dependence of the intensity of the nonspecularly reflected light in the antispecular direction.

V. Celli

Papers

Electron-phonon coupling and electron heat capacity of metals under conditions of strong electron-phonon nonequilibrium

Theory of Dislocation Mobility in Semiconductors

Optical properties of rough surfaces: General theory and the small roughness limit

Scattering of atoms by solid surfaces. I

Localization effects in the scattering of light from a randomly rough grating