Soil Chemical Analysis

Statistical Methods For Agricultural Workers

In this review, recent reports on in vitro starch hydrolysis kinetics are reviewed with regard to the structural characteristics of starches. Factors such as starch granule morphology, amylose to amylopectin ratio, molecular structure, degree of branching in terms of steric hindrance and consequently mass transfer resistance and their effects on the digestibility and absorption of digested carbohydrates have been examined. The physical state of the starch ingested has a major impact on the digestibility therefore effects of processing techniques (thermal processing, extrusion cooking, autoclaving etc.) and starch modification have been discussed. The other constituents of the food matrix, such as proteins, lipids and polysaccharides, play a significant role during processing which affects the physico-chemical characteristics of digesta and the final digestibility of starch. Some molecules naturally occurring in food sources may confer an inhibitory effect during starch hydrolysis.

Starch digestibility in food matrix: a review

The soil carbon.

The changing Himalayas: impact of climate change on water resources and livelihoods in the greater Himalayas.

The water balance approach was used to estimate the average contribution of snow- and glacier-melt runoff in the annual flow of the Beas River at Pandoh Dam. About 45% of the basin area is covered by snow during winter and about 15% remains covered by perpetual snow and glaciers. Snowand glacier-melt contribution was estimated by computing the other components, i.e. rainfall, runoff and losses through evaporation, of the water balance equation. The total water budget of the basin was calculated for a period of 15 years (1990–2004). Total rainfall input to the basin was computed using available records of rainfall. The total volume of flow for the above-mentioned period was computed using measured discharge data of the Beas River at Pandoh Dam. Evapotranspiration losses from the basin were estimated only from the snow-free area, considering evaporation losses from the snowcovered area as negligible. The results of the analysis show that the snow- and glacier-melt runoff contributes about 35% to th...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1623/hysj.52.2.376

Snow and glacier melt contribution in the Beas River at Pandoh Dam, Himachal Pradesh, India

The inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in hy drochloric acid solution by the fruits extract of S hahjan ( Moringa oleifera ), Pipali ( Piper longum ) and Orange ( Citrus aurantium ) has been studied using weight loss, electrochemic al impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization techniques. Inhibition wa s found to increase with increasing concentration of the extra ct. The effect of temperature, immersion time and a cid concentration on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl with addition of extract was also studied. The adso rption of the extract on the mild steel surface obeyed the Langmu ir adsorption isotherm. Values of inhibition effici ency calculated from weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are i n good agreement. Polarization curves showed that fruits e xtract behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor in hydroch loric acid. The activation energy as well as other thermodynamic pa rameters for the inhibition process was calculated. The adsorbed film on mild steel surface containing fruits extrac t was also measured by Fourier transform infrared s pectroscopy (FTIR). The results obtained showed that the fruits extract could serve as effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media.

Effect of fruit extracts of some environmentally be nign green corrosion inhibitors on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochlor ic acid solution

The inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by the seed extract of Kuchla ( Strychnos Nuxvomica ) has been studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization techniques. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. The effect of temperature, immersion time and acid concentration on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl with addition of extract was also studied. The adsorption of the extract on the mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Values of inhibition efficiency calculated from weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are in good agreement. Polarization curves showed that Kuchla ( Strychnos Nuxvomica ) seed extract behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor in hydrochloric acid. The activation energy as well as other thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition process was calculated. The adsorbed film on mild steel surface containing Kuchla ( Strychnos Nuxvomica ) seed extract inhibitor was also measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results obtained showed that the seed extract of Kuchla ( Strychnos Nuxvomica ) could serve as an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media.

/pdf/inhibition-effect-of-environmentally-benign-kuchla-strychnos-1dsdgc79vq.pdf

Inhibition effect of environmentally benign kuchla ( strychnos nuxvomica ) seed extract on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was employed to assess the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship among six breeds of sheep, viz., Malpura, Kheri, Chokla, Garole and two crossbreds Avikalin and Bharat Merino. Twenty-four individuals from each breed/crossbred were selected randomly. Initially, 40 primers were screened, of which 16 were found polymorphic and utilized for estimation of genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship among the breeds. The genetic distance was found highest between Malpura and Garole (D=0.1428), and the lowest (D=0.0612) between Avikalin and Chokla. However, the genetic identity was observed highest (I = 0.9406) between Avikalin and Chokla and the lowest (I = 0.8669) between Malpura and Garole. The Kheri sheep was found close with Chokla (D=0.0741), followed by Malpura sheep (D=0.0902) based on genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree also showed that Avikalin and Chokla are more close, whereas Malpura and Garole are distant to each other. The present study suggested that RAPD-PCR can be used successfully for analyzing genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship among breeds of sheep.

/pdf/genetic-variability-among-sheep-breeds-by-random-amplified-4jl3hs7xxg.pdf

Genetic variability among sheep breeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR

A drain spacing formula is derived considering the variation in radial flux and the area above the drain level in the radial flow zone. The extent of the radial flow zone is ascertained by applying a mass balance and differentiability criterion of the water surface profile at the interface of radial and Dupuit-Forchheimer flow zones. The radial flow zone extends from the centre of the tile drain a distance of 2/π times the depth to impervious layer below the drain. For a normal ratio of recharge rate to hydraulic conductivity (R/K ≤ 0.0025), the water surface profile in the radial flow zone computed using Hooghoudt's formula is very different from the profile obtained by the new drain spacing formula; however, Hooghoudt's formula computes the maximum water table height which marginally differs from that found by the present method. For a ratio of high recharge rate to hydraulic conductivity (R/K = 0.1) and close drain spacing (L/D = 2), the difference in the maximum heights is 21%. Hooghoudt's fo...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1623/hysj.52.2.338

V. K. Singh

Papers

Snow and glacier melt contribution in the Beas River at Pandoh Dam, Himachal Pradesh, India

Effect of fruit extracts of some environmentally be nign green corrosion inhibitors on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochlor ic acid solution

Inhibition effect of environmentally benign kuchla ( strychnos nuxvomica ) seed extract on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Genetic variability among sheep breeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR

A new drain spacing formula