V. M. Linkin

TL;DR: Large variations, in pressure, temperature, ambient light level, and cloud particle backscatter correlated well during these excursions, indicating that these properties were strong functions of altitude in those parts of the middle cloud layer sampled by the balloons.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the experimental data on the atmosphere of Venus obtained after 1985, when the VIRA (Venus International Reference Atmosphere) or COSPAR model was published, and present a new result as compared to VIRA is the creation of a model of the atmosphere in the altitude range 55 to 100 km dependent on local time.

TL;DR: The VEGA mission as mentioned in this paper used two balloons to measure pressure, temperature, vertical wind velocity, cloud particle backscatter, ambient light level, and frequency of lightning in the atmosphere of Venus.

TL;DR: Rapid variations in balloon velocity were often detected within a single transmission (330 seconds); however, they may represent not only atmospheric motions but also self-induced aerodynamic motions of the balloon.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used mixing length theory of thermal convection to estimate the 6.5-kelvin difference in temperature between VEGA-1 and VEGA-2.