Current conveyors and related current-mode circuits have begun to emerge as an important class of circuits with properties that enable them to rival their voltage-mode counterparts in a wide range of applications. The use of current rather than voltage as the active parameter can result in higher usable gain, accuracy and bandwidth due to reduced voltage excursion at sensitive nodes. A current-mode approach is not just restricted to current processing, but also offers certain important advantages when interfaced to voltage-mode circuits. The author sets out to survey developments in conveyors and current-mode circuits from both an historical and technical viewpoint and to act as a useful source of reference material.

Recent developments in current conveyors and current-mode circuits

This paper investigates the problems of two-dimensional (2-D) dissipative control and filtering for a linear discrete-time Roesser model. First, a novel sufficient condition is proposed such that the discrete-time Roesser system is asymptotically stable and 2-D $(Q,S,R)\hbox{-} \alpha$ -dissipative. Special cases, such as 2-D passivity performance and 2-D $H_{\infty} $ performance, and feedback interconnected systems are also discussed. Based on this condition, new 2-D $(Q,S,R)\hbox{-} \alpha$ -dissipative state-feedback and output-feedback control problems are defined and solved for a discrete-time Roesser model. The design problems of 2-D $(Q,S,R)\hbox{-} \alpha$ -dissipative filters of observer form and general form are also considered using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design techniques.

Two-Dimensional Dissipative Control and Filtering for Roesser Model

This paper describes the impact of gate resistance on cut-off frequency (f/sub T/), maximum frequency of oscillation (f/sub max/), thermal noise, and time response of wide MOS devices with deep submicron channel lengths. The value of f/sub T/ is proven to be independent of gate resistance even for distributed structures. An exact relation for f/sub max/ is derived and it is shown that, to predict f/sub max/, thermal noise, and time response, the distributed gate resistance can be divided by a factor of 3 and lumped into a single resistor in series with the gate terminal. >

Impact of distributed gate resistance on the performance of MOS devices

The science and technology of electrostatic powder spraying, transport and coating

New results for an established for the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium x=0 of nth order discrete-time systems with state saturations, x(k+1)=sat(Ax(k)), utilizing a class of positive definite and radially unbounded Lyapunov functions, v. When v is a quadratic form, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained under which positive definite matrices H can be used to generate a Lyapunov function v(w)=w/sup T/Hw with the properties that v(Aw(k)) is negative semidefinite, and that v(sat(w)) >

Asymptotic stability of discrete-time systems with saturation nonlinearities with applications to digital filters

An unconventional approach for guaranteeing the nonexistence of zero-input limit cycles in fixed-point state-space digital filters using saturation arithmetic is presented. The approach is based on a 'passivity' property associated with the multiple saturation nonlinearities. Under certain conditions, the approach specializes to the known approach based on the sector information of the nonlinearities. >

Elimination of overflow oscillations in fixed-point state-space digital filters using saturation arithmetic

A criterion for the absence of zero-input limit cycles in state-space digital filters employing saturation arithmetic is presented. An example is given, which brings out the novelity of the present approach.

A new realizability condition for limit cycle-free state-space digital filters employing saturation arithmetic

A novel CCII-based circuit using a single grounded capacitor for single-resistance-controlled lossless floating inductance simulation is presented.

Active RC single-resistance-controlled lossless floating inductance simulation using single grounded capacitor

A greatly relaxed version of a recently proposed criterion for the asymptotic stability of the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space model, using saturation arithmetic is presented.

An improved criterion for the asymptotic stability of 2-D digital filters described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second model using saturation arithmetic

The relative merits and demerits of Pade and Routh approximants are discussed, and the effect of time moments and Markov parameters on reduced-order modeling is highlighted.

V. Singh

Papers

Elimination of overflow oscillations in fixed-point state-space digital filters using saturation arithmetic

A new realizability condition for limit cycle-free state-space digital filters employing saturation arithmetic

Active RC single-resistance-controlled lossless floating inductance simulation using single grounded capacitor

An improved criterion for the asymptotic stability of 2-D digital filters described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second model using saturation arithmetic

A note on low-order modeling