High-throughput screening for genetic analysis, combinatorial chemistry, and clinical diagnostics benefits from multiplexing, which allows for the simultaneous assay of several analytes but necessitates an encoding scheme for molecular identification. Current approaches for multiplexed analysis involve complicated or expensive processes for encoding, functionalizing, or decoding active substrates (particles or surfaces) and often yield a very limited number of analyte-specific codes. We present a method based on continuous-flow lithography that combines particle synthesis and encoding and probe incorporation into a single process to generate multifunctional particles bearing over a million unique codes. By using such particles, we demonstrate a multiplexed, single-fluorescence detection of DNA oligomers with encoded particle libraries that can be scanned rapidly in a flow-through microfluidic channel. Furthermore, we demonstrate with high specificity the same multiplexed detection using individual multiprobe particles.

/pdf/multifunctional-encoded-particles-for-high-throughput-20894oswnr.pdf

Multifunctional encoded particles for high-throughput biomolecule analysis.

https://www.bioee.ee.columbia.edu/courses/upload/Bibliography/arenkov_analybiochem_2000.pdf?origin=publication_detail

Protein microchips: use for immunoassay and enzymatic reactions.

Traditionally, tumours have been categorized on the basis of histology. However, the staining pattern of cancer cells viewed under the microscope is insufficient to reflect the complicated underlying molecular events that drive the neoplastic process. By surveying thousands of genes at once, using DNA arrays, it is now possible to read the molecular signature of an individual patient's tumour. When the signature is analysed with clustering algorithms, new classes of cancer emerge that transcend distinctions based on histological appearance alone. Using DNA arrays, protein arrays and appropriate experimental models, the ultimate goal is to move beyond correlation and classification to achieve new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment targets.

Molecular profiling of human cancer.

https://arep.med.harvard.edu/pdf/Mitra03c.pdf

Fluorescent in situ sequencing on polymerase colonies

Stimulated by the achievements of the first phase in genomics and the resulting need of assigning functions to the acquired sequence information, novel formats of immunoassays are being developed for high-throughput multi-analyte studies. In principle, they are similar in nature to the microarray assays already established at the level of nucleic acids. However, the biochemical diversity and the sheer number of proteins are such that an equivalent analysis is much more complex and thus difficult to accomplish. The wide range of protein concentration complicates matters further. Performing microarray immunoassays already represents a challenge at the level of preparing a working chip surface. Arrays have been produced on filter supports, in microtiter plate wells and on glass slides, the last two usually coated with one-, two- or three-dimensionally structured surface modifications. The usefulness and suitability of all these support media for the construction and application of antibody microarrays are reviewed in this manuscript in terms of the different kinds of immunoassay and the various detection procedures. Additionally, the employment of microarrays containing alternative sensor molecules is discussed in this context. The sensitivity of microspot immunoassays predicted by the current analyte theory is not yet a reality, indicating the extent of both the technology's potential and the size of the task still ahead.

https://www.dkfz.de/funct_genome/PDF-Files/JMR-16-2003-165.pdf

Solid supports for microarray immunoassays

The manufacturing of microchips containing oligonucleotides and proteins immobilized within gel pads, ranging in size from 10 × 10 to 100 × 100 μm, is described. The microchips are produced by phot...

https://www.future-science.com/doi/pdf/10.2144/99273rr06

V.V. Shick

Papers

Fabrication of Microarray of Gel-Immobilized Compounds on a Chip by Copolymerization