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A User’s Guide

The demand for petroleum has risen rapidly due to increasing industrialization and modernization of the world. This economic development has led to a huge demand for energy, where the major part of that energy is derived from fossil sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. However, the limited reserve of fossil fuel has drawn the attention of many researchers to look for alternative fuels which can be produced from renewable feedstock. Biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and it is obtained from renewable resources. There are four primary methods to make biodiesel: blending, microemulsion, pyrolysis and transesterification. The most commonly used method is the transesterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fats) with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. There is a growing interest in using Jatropha curcas L. oil as the feedstock for biodiesel production because it is non-edible and thus does not compromise the edible oils, which are mainly used for food consumption. Non-edible oils are not suitable for human consumption because of the presence of toxic components. Further, J. curcas L. seed has a high content of oil and the biodiesel produced has similar properties to that of petroleum-based diesel. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the different approaches and techniques used to generate biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil. The main factors affecting the biodiesel yield, for example the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time are discussed. Lastly, the environmental considerations and economic aspects of biodiesel are also addressed.

/pdf/a-review-of-biodiesel-production-from-jatropha-curcas-l-oil-198dc8kg92.pdf

A review of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil

https://web.ics.purdue.edu/~lqiao/Publications_files/Combustion%20characteristics%20of%20fuel%20droplets%20with%20addition%20of%20nano%20and%20micron-sized%20aluminum%20particles.pdf

Combustion characteristics of fuel droplets with addition of nano and micron-sized aluminum particles

A detailed chemical kinetic model has been used to study dimethyl ether (DME) oxidation over a wide range of conditions. Experimental results obtained in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at I and 10 atm, 0.2 < 0 < 2.5, and 800 < T < 1300 K were modeled, in addition to those generated in a shock tube at 13 and 40 bar, 0 = 1.0 and 650 :5 T :5 1300 K. The JSR results are particularly valuable as they include concentration profiles of reactants, intermediates and products pertinent to the oxidation of DME. These data test the Idnetic model severely, as it must be able to predict the correct distribution and concentrations of intermediate and final products formed in the oxidation process. Additionally, the shock tube results are very useful, as they were taken at low temperatures and at high pressures, and thus undergo negative temperature dependence (NTC) behavior. This behavior is characteristic of the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbon fuels, (e.g. the primary reference fuels, n-heptane and iso- octane) under similar conditions. The numerical model consists of 78 chemical species and 336 chemical reactions. The thermodynamic properties of unknown species pertaining to DME oxidation were calculated using THERM.

/pdf/wide-range-modeling-study-of-dimethyl-ether-oxidation-pnag57ojwu.pdf

Wide range modeling study of dimethyl ether oxidation

Modelling of fuel droplet heating and evaporation: Recent results and unsolved problems

Flame interaction during the burning of two porous spheres in tandem arrangement fed with methanol and subjected to a mixed convective environment, has been studied experimentally and numerically. Porous sphere technique is employed for experimentally simulating the burning characteristics of methanol transpired spheres of different sizes, separated by fixed distances. The mass burning rates from both the spheres and visible flame stand-off distances from the sphere surfaces have been measured in the experiments. In the numerical simulations, transient, axisymmetric, mass, momentum, species and energy conservation equations are solved using a finite volume technique based on non-orthogonal semi-collocated grids. Features of the numerical model include finite rate chemistry and temperature and mixture composition dependent thermo-physical properties. Burning of tandem porous spheres in an air stream flowing vertically upwards, at atmospheric pressure has been simulated for different sphere sizes, separatio...

Investigation of interaction between methanol fed tandem porous spheres burning in a mixed convective environment

A parametric study of the effects of binary interaction parameter and real-gas equations of state on the high pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium of nitrogen-n-dodecane system was carried out Different values of the binary interaction parameter reported in literature, including one which depends on temperature, were employed in different equations of state to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium as a function of ambient pressure and temperature The findings were compared against the available experimental values reported in literature Constant values of binary interaction parameter, estimated based on temperature dependent values, are demonstrated to predict the experimentally observed vapor-liquid equilibrium values accurately The Peng-Robinson equation of state and an average binary interaction parameter were demonstrated to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium over a wide range of temperature and pressures for nitrogen-n-dodecane binary system

A Parametric Study of the Choice of Binary Interaction Parameter and Equation of State for High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Nitrogen – n-Dodecane Binary System

Numerical study of transient evaporation of moving two-component fuel droplets

Numerical study of interaction of coal dust with premixed fuel-lean methane-air flames

This study presents careful measurements from lab-scale experiments and predictions from comprehensive numerical model for the burning characteristics of laminar flames over MMA pools of different ...

Vasudevan Raghavan

Papers

Investigation of interaction between methanol fed tandem porous spheres burning in a mixed convective environment

A Parametric Study of the Choice of Binary Interaction Parameter and Equation of State for High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Nitrogen – n-Dodecane Binary System

Numerical study of transient evaporation of moving two-component fuel droplets

Numerical study of interaction of coal dust with premixed fuel-lean methane-air flames

Burning characteristics and soot formation in laminar methyl methacrylate pool flames