/pdf/pathology-and-genetics-of-tumours-of-the-digestive-system-3xy9cwrc3c.pdf

Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673699030469.pdf

Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India.

Pathology and genetics: Tumours of the digestive system

The Society for Fetal Urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis

The operative treatment of pectus excavatum.

The profile of clinical presentation and management of 13 children with hydatid cysts of the lungs and abdomen is presented The ages ranged from 35 to 13 years puv there were four females and nine males The diagnosis could only be made after ultrasonography and chest X-rays in 12 patients In one it was made postoperatively Casoni’s test was unreliable but indirect haemagglutination was positive in all the nine patients in whom it was doneThe treatment consisted of either enucleation or excision and all the patients were treated with mebendazole postoperatively The management of echinococcosis has been discussed in the light of recent literature

Childhood echinococcosis—a clinical profile

Open surgical biopsies of the primary tumor and bone marrow sampling in metastatic disease are the major sources of tumor material for genetic studies in neuroblastoma. The possibility of using cultures of material procured through Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) for upfront cytogenetic studies of neuroblastomas is studied. From January 2006 to April 2008, 18 patients were diagnosed as neuroblastoma on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). FNA material was cultured and processed to obtain metaphases and chromosomal analysis was performed. Minimum of five selected metaphases were analyzed and changes were documented. The diagnosis of neuroblastoma was confirmed by FNAC in all. Among the 18 cases, 9 cases (50%) showed metaphases on cultures. Four cultures did not grow and five cultures got contaminated. Out of the nine cases that showed metaphases, four cases showed cytogenetic abnormalities. Near triploidy and Double minutes (Dmins) were seen in one case and tetraploidy in another case. 1q gain and 2q gain were observed respectively in third and fourth cases. FNA provides viable single cell suspension suitable for cultures. This may be a good alternative strategy to acquire material for cytogenetic studies in neuroblastoma.

Cytogenetic evaluation of neuroblastoma using fine needle aspiration cultures

But: La tomographie d'emission monophotonique (TEMP) est utilisee pour mesurer le debit sanguin cerebral (DSC) et la reserve vasculaire cerebrale (RVC) apres injection d'acetazolamide (ACZ). Cette etude prospective est realisee pour tester l'utilite de la RVC dans l'hydrocephalie congenitale (HC). Methodes: Vingt-et-un patients (âge moyen 6,2 mois) atteints d'HC ont beneficie d'une ultrasonographie (US), d'un fond de l'oeil (FO), d'un examen clinique pour etablir un score neurologique (SN) et d'un TEMP pour evaluer la RVC apres injection intraveineuse d'ACZ. Un controle (US, FO, SN, DSC, RVC) etait effectue tous les mois. Resultats: La RVC etait satisfaisante chez dix patients qui montraient un SN et un FO stables malgre une ventriculomegalie minime ou moderee. Ces patients etaient suivis avec un traitement conservateur. Aucune deterioration n'etait notee au cours des 9,8 mois de suivi. La RVC initiale etait faible chez onze patients, egalement suivis avec un traitement conservateur. Pendant une periode de quatre mois, huit de ces patients montraient une diminution de la RVC a moins de 30% de la valeur normale et une chute du SN malgre une stabilite du FO et de l'US. Chez cinq de ces enfants, une intervention chirurgicale a permis une amelioration de la RCV et du SN pendant une periode de quatre mois. Aucune amelioration de la RVC ni du SN n'etait observee chez les trois autres. Conclusions: Chez les enfants atteints d'hydrocephalie congenitale, le mesure de la RVC par TEMP apres injection d'ACZ est un moyen sensible d'evaluation car les alterations de la RVC precedent celles des autres parametres conventionnels - ventriculomegalie et FO. Il y a peu de deterioration chez les patients avant und RVC normale au moment du diagnostic, permettant un traitement conservateur. En cas de deterioration de la RVC, une intervention chirurgicale est a envisager rapidement.

Evaluation of cerebral vascular reserve by single photon emission tomography in children with congenital hydrocephalus.

Three infants who presented with clinical features of neonatal cholestasis and clinically suspected to have biliary atresia were found on imaging studies and surgery to have extrahepatic bile duct atresia in association with choledochal cyst. All patients were treated by bilio-enteric bypass procedure. Post operatively jaundice cleared in only two patients. The prognosis of this association depends on the pre-existent liver damage due to biliary atresia.

/pdf/choledochal-cyst-associated-with-extrahepatic-bile-duct-3b289rpbuo.pdf

Choledochal cyst associated with extrahepatic bile duct atresia

Background: The objective of this study was to assess effect of number of associated anomalies on outcome in oesophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of neonates admitted with a diagnosis of oesophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula during January 2005 to May 2011. Preoperative investigation included chest X-Ray, ultrasonography of abdomen and echocardiography. Associated anomalies were grouped as minor or major depending on whether life threatening or not. Major anomalies were further sub grouped according to the involvement of single, two or > 2 organ systems. Survival was correlated with the presence of anomalies and the number of systems involved. Results: Out of 301 patients with EA, 240 survived (79.7%). Of these 301, 117 (38.9%) had no associated anomalies. Of the total 61 deaths, 59% (36/61) were in patients with cardiac anomalies and 44% (27/61) were in those with >2 associated anomalies. The mortality rate was highest in those with >2 anomalies 27/34 (79.4%), whereas survival was best in those without any associated anomalies 104/117 (88.9%). Conclusions: Apart from other factors, an association of more than two system anomalies influence the mortality in oesophageal atresia.

Veereshwar Bhatnagar

Papers

Childhood echinococcosis—a clinical profile

Cytogenetic evaluation of neuroblastoma using fine needle aspiration cultures

Evaluation of cerebral vascular reserve by single photon emission tomography in children with congenital hydrocephalus.

Choledochal cyst associated with extrahepatic bile duct atresia

Effect of number of associated anomalies on outcome in oesophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula patient