G eant 4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics.

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Geant4—a simulation toolkit

Geant4 - A Simulation Toolkit

* Caring for children * The origins of attachment theory * Psychoanalysis as art and science * Psychoanalysis as a natural science * Violence in the family * On knowing what you are not supposed to know and feeling what you are not supposed to feel * The role of attachment in personality development * Attachment, communication, and the therapeutic process * Developmental psychiatry comes of age

A Secure Base. Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York (Basic Books) 1988.

More is different.

Feshbach resonances are the essential tool to control the interaction between atoms in ultracold quantum gases. They have found numerous experimental applications, opening up the way to important breakthroughs. This review broadly covers the phenomenon of Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases and their main applications. This includes the theoretical background and models for the description of Feshbach resonances, the experimental methods to find and characterize the resonances, a discussion of the main properties of resonances in various atomic species and mixed atomic species systems, and an overview of key experiments with atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and ultracold molecules.

Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases

Meteoric growth of American physics

Since the beginning of culture, man has been curious about the world in which he lives; he has continually sought explanations for his own existence and for the existence of the world — how it was created, how it developed and brought forth life and humankind, and how one day it will end. Early ideas on the subject were developed in mythological, religious, or philosophical frame works. A11 these ideas have a common characteristic: they are directed to the totality of the phenomena; they want to account for everything that is. They intend to present the absolute truth by attempting to give immediate answers to the fundamental questions of existence: “Why is the world the way we find it? What is life? What is the beginning and the end of the universe?

The New Role of Science

Forschung heute und morgen

Compared to the rest of nuclear physics, the phenomena involving only two nucleons have received an extraordinary amount of attention in the literature and in textbooks. This appears to be due to two causes: (1) the mathematical simplicity of two-body problems, and (2) the expectation that the forces between nucleons are additive, so that (in principle at least) a complete knowledge of the two-nucleon systems would allow computation of all nuclear properties. Evidence that the nuclear forces are not additive seems to be accumulating: if more than two nucleons are close together, the forces between each pair are perhaps not equal to those acting between isolated pairs. Hence it appears that the knowledge gained from the study of two- body problems is not so fundamental for nuclear physics as a whole as anticipated. Still the two-nucleon problems are the basic problems of nuclear physics and are our best source of knowledge regarding the nature of nuclear forces.

Victor F. Weisskopf

Papers

Meteoric growth of American physics

The New Role of Science

Forschung heute und morgen

Two-Body Problems at Low Energies

No research strike at m.I.T.