G eant 4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics.

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Geant4—a simulation toolkit

Geant4 - A Simulation Toolkit

* Caring for children * The origins of attachment theory * Psychoanalysis as art and science * Psychoanalysis as a natural science * Violence in the family * On knowing what you are not supposed to know and feeling what you are not supposed to feel * The role of attachment in personality development * Attachment, communication, and the therapeutic process * Developmental psychiatry comes of age

A Secure Base. Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York (Basic Books) 1988.

More is different.

Feshbach resonances are the essential tool to control the interaction between atoms in ultracold quantum gases. They have found numerous experimental applications, opening up the way to important breakthroughs. This review broadly covers the phenomenon of Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases and their main applications. This includes the theoretical background and models for the description of Feshbach resonances, the experimental methods to find and characterize the resonances, a discussion of the main properties of resonances in various atomic species and mixed atomic species systems, and an overview of key experiments with atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and ultracold molecules.

Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases

The issue of light-water reactor (LWR) safety has been the subject of a part-time, year-long study sponsored by the American Physical Society. The goal of the study was the assessment of some of the technical aspects of the safety of large light-water nuclear power reactors typical of present commercial practice in the Unted States. The report examines issues related to safe operation of LWRs; the research and development program responsible for establishing and enhancing safety; and the consequences of accidents for public health and welfare. The report in no way deals with the need for nuclear power or its benefits, and should not be considered as a net assessment of the risks versus the benefits of nuclear reactors. Since the risks of ecological impacts of other energy technologies are not addressed, no recommendations are made concerning the specific reactor program which should be followed in the immediate future. Among the areas covered in the report are primary pressure-vessel integrity; quality assurance; accident initiation from operator error, transients, and sabotage; the adequacy of present emergency core-cooling system designs; the calculation of long-term consequences to health of one particular low-probability accidental release of radioactivity; and the experimental and calculational (computer-code-development) aspects of the present reactor safety research program. A number of recommendations are contained with the report, mainly addressed to ways in which the safety of the present LWRs can be improved or better understood.

Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on light-water reactor safety

Die Berucksichtigung der endlichen Lebensdauer der Atomzustande fuhrt zu einigen Erganzungen in der Kramers-Heisenbergschen Streuformel, die bei Streuung an einem angeregten Atomzustand zu einer endlichen Breite der Streulinien und zu dem Auftreten von Atomfrequenzen im Streulicht von monochromatischer Strahlung fuhren, die nach der gewohnlichen Streuformel nicht zu erwarten waren. Es wird eine allgemeine Streuformel fur Streuprozesse hoherer Ordnung aufgestellt, die Prozesse beschreibt, bei denen mehr als zwei Lichtquanten umgesetzt werden.

Die Streuung des Lichts an angeregten Atomen.

How Light Interacts with Matter

Theoretical physics in the twentieth century : a memorial volume to Wolfgang Pauli

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/168/3934/923.full.pdf

Victor F. Weisskopf

Papers

Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on light-water reactor safety

Die Streuung des Lichts an angeregten Atomen.

How Light Interacts with Matter

Theoretical physics in the twentieth century : a memorial volume to Wolfgang Pauli

Physics in the Twentieth Century