Victoria A. Khotina

TL;DR: This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the involvement of macrophage lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis development, including both the results of recent studies and classical concepts, and provides a detailed description of these processes from the moment of lipid uptake with lipoproteins to cholesterol efflux.

TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that the formation of foam cells is induced by modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and the beneficial effects of the majority of therapeutic strategies with generalized action, such as the use of anti-inflammatory drugs or antioxidants, were not confirmed by clinical studies.

TL;DR: Despite the growing evidence of the crucial involvement of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, the available data still remains controversial and the future directions of research are outlined.

TL;DR: Several modern anti-atherosclerosis VEGFs-targeted experimental procedures, drugs and natural compounds, which could significantly improve the efficiency of atherosclerosis and related CVDs’ treatment are discussed.

TL;DR: The underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response are discussed, which will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells.