Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids, called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The enhanced thermal conductivity of these fluids with small-particle concentration was surprising and could not be explained by existing theories. Micrometer-sized particle-fluid suspensions exhibit no such dramatic enhancement. This difference has led to studies of other modes of heat transfer and efforts to develop a comprehensive theory. This article presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments. The review and suggestions could be useful because the literature in this area is spread over a wide range of disciplines, including heat transfer, material science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01457630600904593

Heat Transfer in Nanofluids—A Review

The growth of a vapor bubble in a superheated liquid is controlled by three factors: the inertia of the liquid, the surface tension, and the vapor pressure. As the bubble grows, evaporation takes place at the bubble boundary, and the temperature and vapor pressure in the bubble are thereby decreased. The heat inflow requirement of evaporation, however, depends on the rate of bubble growth, so that the dynamic problem is linked with a heat diffusion problem. Since the heat diffusion problem has been solved, a quantitative formulation of the dynamic problem can be given. A solution for the radius of the vapor bubble as a function of time is obtained which is valid for sufficiently large radius. This asymptotic solution covers the range of physical interest since the radius at which it becomes valid is near the lower limit of experimental observation. It shows the strong effect of heat diffusion on the rate of bubble growth. Comparison of the predicted radius‐time behavior is made with experimental observations in superheated water, and very good agreement is found.

The growth of vapor bubbles in superheated liquids. report no. 26-6

Boiling in microchannels: a review of experiment and theory

The purpose of this literature review is to compare different cooling technologies currently in development in research laboratories that are competing to solve the challenge of cooling the next generation of high heat flux computer chips. Today, most development efforts are focused on three technologies: liquid cooling in copper or silicon micro-geometry heat dissipation elements, impingement of liquid jets directly on the silicon surface of the chip, and two-phase flow boiling in copper heat dissipation elements or plates with numerous microchannels. The principal challenge is to dissipate the high heat fluxes (current objective is 300 W/cm2) while maintaining the chip temperature below the targeted temperature of 85°C, while of second importance is how to predict the heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of the cooling process. In this study, the state of the art of these three technologies from recent experimental articles (since 2003) is analyzed and a comparison of the respective merits and ...

State of the Art of High Heat Flux Cooling Technologies

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=coolingpubs

A composite heat transfer correlation for saturated flow boiling in small channels

Heat transfer model for evaporation in microchannels. Part I: presentation of the model

Reference LTCM-ARTICLE-2005-021View record in Web of Science Record created on 2005-07-06, modified on 2017-05-10

Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels, Part I: Presentation of the Model

Characterization of diabatic two-phase flows in microchannels: Flow parameter results for R-134a in a 0.5 mm channel

Reference LTCM-ARTICLE-2005-020View record in Web of Science Record created on 2005-07-06, modified on 2017-05-10

Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels, Part II: Comparison with the Database

Reference LTCM-ARTICLE-2005-029doi:101115/11458017View record in Web of Science Record created on 2005-07-06, modified on 2017-05-10

Vincent Dupont

Papers

Heat transfer model for evaporation in microchannels. Part I: presentation of the model

Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels, Part I: Presentation of the Model

Characterization of diabatic two-phase flows in microchannels: Flow parameter results for R-134a in a 0.5 mm channel

Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels, Part II: Comparison with the Database

Falling Film Transitions on Plain and Enhanced Tubes