Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischæmic heart-disease

The term "metabolic syndrome" refers to a clustering of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is thought to be related to insulin resistance. Since the term is widely used in research and clinical practice, we undertook an extensive review of the literature in relation to the syndrome's definition, underlying pathogenesis, and association with CVD and to the goals and impact of treatment. While there is no question that certain CVD risk factors are prone to cluster, we found that the metabolic syndrome has been imprecisely defined, there is a lack of certainty regarding its pathogenesis, and there is considerable doubt regarding its value as a CVD risk marker. Our analysis indicates that too much critically important information is missing to warrant its designation as a "syndrome." Until much needed research is completed, clinicians should evaluate and treat all CVD risk factors without regard to whether a patient meets the criteria for diagnosis of the "metabolic syndrome."

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The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

Indices of relative weight and obesity

judgment of the author In this review, we combine the two approaches We systematically review the literature, include all articles that meet pre­ determined minimal requirements, and present a summary of the results of the studies We also examine the methods used in the studies and provide our assessment of the quality of each study

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.001345

Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease

Despite considerable advances in research and practice over the past three decades, cardiovascular disease and, in particular, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the primary cause of premature death in the United States. This chapter will illustrate the various methods and concepts within health psychology that have been applied to further our understanding of the factors that contribute to CHD and the various prevention and intervention strategies used to reduce the risk of CHD morbidity and mortality. This chapter will first provide an overview of etiological considerations, including a definition of CHD and specification of risk factors. The remainder of the chapter will focus on “coronary-prone behavior pattern,” or the Type A behavior pattern, as it relates to the development and maintenance of CHD. As was discussed in Chapter 1, this behavior pattern represents the first well-defined psychological or behavioral risk factor in the history of risk factor research in health and illness. Therefore, the Type A behavior pattern will be emphasized, with a focus on (1) defining the pattern and presenting it in historical perspective, (2) describing the pattern and the methods used to measure and identify it, (3) reviewing the research validating the Type A construct and providing an overview of the psychological aspects of the behavior pattern, and (4) reviewing the psychophysiological

Coronary heart disease. Clinical, cinearteriographic and metabolic correlations.

The seven countries study: 2,289 deaths in 15 years.

Characteristics of 11,132 men aged 40-59 years and free from coronary heart disease (CHD) at entry were related to follow-up experience, using multivariate analysis. In 5 years among 2,404 U. S. ra...

Probability of Middle-Aged Men Developing Coronary Heart Disease in Five Years

The relationship of relative weight and of skinfold thickness to the 5-year incidence (632 cases) of coronary heart disease was examined in men aged 40 through 59 years at entry to the stu...

Coronary heart disease: overweight and obesity as risk factors.

Coronary heart disease: Overweight and obesity as risk factors

N REPORTING here on the five-year experience of two cohorts of men in rural Italy, as a part of the International Study of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, it is appropriate to mention the importance of work in Italy as background and stimulus of the international study as a whole. The International Cooperative Study grew out of epidemiological explorations on the diet, serum cholesterol concentration, and the possible relationship of these interrelated variables to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). The first of the explorations was made in Naples in February and March, 1952 (Keys 1952a, 1953a, b; Keys et al. 1954a). The results obtained in Naples led to further epidemiological investigations in 1954 at Naples and Bologna and in 1955 on the island of Sardinia, as well as in South Africa in 1955 and in Hawaii, Japan, and Finland in 1956. The results of the epidemiological explorations pointed to an obvious need for more systematic, larger scale, long-range investigations, applying identical methods and criteria to samples of contrasting populations in parallel studies. With so much of the origin of this approach in Italy, it was natural to begin in that country with a trial of the proposed protocol. That trial, carried out in September, 1957 in Nicotera, a large farming village near the toe of the Italian boot, was repeated in

Vittorio Puddu

Papers

The seven countries study: 2,289 deaths in 15 years.

Probability of Middle-Aged Men Developing Coronary Heart Disease in Five Years

Coronary heart disease: overweight and obesity as risk factors.

Coronary heart disease: Overweight and obesity as risk factors

VII. Five-Year Experience in Rural Italy