The field of carbohydrate chemistry has occupied the minds and hearts of many scientists for over a hundred years and, as we enter the twenty-first century, it continues to be both vigorous and challenging. Among the most exciting aspects of organic chemistry in the last few decades has been the interplay between the specialized subdisciplines of carbohydrate chemistry and total synthesis, each enabling and advancing the other in new directions and towards greater heights. In this review article we highlight our own adventures at the interface of these disciplines, which were driven for the most part by objectives in chemical synthesis and chemical biology. Specifically, we describe our interests and efforts to utilize carbohydrates as starting materials for total synthesis, to invent and develop new synthetic technologies for carbohydrate synthesis, to construct complex oligosaccharides in solution or on solid support, and to utilize carbohydrate templates as scaffolds for peptide mimetics and for molecular diversity construction. Finally, applications of the developed synthetic strategies and enabling technologies towards the solution of biologically significant problems are discussed.

Adventures in Carbohydrate Chemistry: New Synthetic Technologies, Chemical Synthesis, Molecular Design, and Chemical Biology

Originally reported in Liebigs Annalen in 1953 (then called Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie), the Wittig reaction has evolved to include the Horner–Wittig and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions and several other variations. Today, these reactions constitute some of the most powerful processes for the construction of carbon–carbon bond frameworks, facilitating the chemical synthesis of myriads of organic molecules both in research laboratories and industrial settings. The Wittig and related reactions were proven particularly useful in the field of total synthesis, where they enabled the construction of highly complex structures and had a significant impact in shaping the art to its present state of sophistication. In this article the authors focus, after a brief introduction, on total syntheses from their own laboratories that employ such processes. These examples, together with the numerous others adorning the chemical literature, illustrate amply the importance of the Wittig and related reactions and point to their continuing prominence in organic synthesis.

The Wittig and Related Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis

Benzotrifluoride: A Useful Alternative Solvent for Organic Reactions Currently Conducted in Dichloromethane and Related Solvents.

A DISCUSSION OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY An Historical Overview R.J. Ferrier Introduction to Carbohydrates J. Kuszmann Protective Group Strategies S. Oscarson Glycosylation Methods P. Fugedi Oligosaccharide Synthesis P. Fugedi FROM SUGARS TO SUGAR-LIKE STRUCTURES TO NON-SUGARS Functionalization of Sugars D.E. Levy Strategies Towards C-Glycosides D.E. Levy From Sugars to Carba-Sugars M. Sollogoub and P. Sinay Sugars with Endocyclic Heteroatoms Other than Oxygen P. Greimel, J. Spreitz, F.K. Sprenger, A.E. Stutz, and T.M. Wrodnigg SUGARS AS TOOLS, CHIRAL POOL STARTING MATERIALS AND FORMIDABLE SYNTHETIC TARGETS Sugars as Chiral Auxiliaries N. Pleuss, G. Zech, B. Furman, and H. Kunz Sugars as Chiral Starting Materials in Enantiospecific Synthesis Y. Chapleur and F. Chretien Synthesis of Carbohydrate Containing Complex Natural Compounds K. Toshima Total Asymmetric Synthesis of Monosaccharides and Analogs P. Vogel ADDITIONAL TOPICS Combinatorial Carbohydrate Chemistry P. Arya and B. VNBS Sarma Glycopeptides M. Mogemark, J. Kihlberg Carbohydrate Mimetics in Drug Discovery O. Schwardt, H.C. Kolb, and B. Ernst

The Organic Chemistry of Sugars

Vinyl epoxides in organic synthesis.

Total synthesis of amphoteronolide B and amphotericin B. 1. Strategy and stereocontrolled construction of key building blocks

Reactions of hydroxyl groups with tosylchloride-dimethylaminopyridine system. Direct synthesis of chlorides from hydroxycompounds

Stereocontrolled construction of key building blocks for the total synthesis of amphoteronolide B and amphotericin B

Stereocontrolled Construction of Key Building Blocks for the Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B.


 原发性渗出性淋巴瘤（primary effusion lymphoma，PEL）是一种罕见的发生于体腔的非霍奇金大B细胞淋巴瘤，通常无淋巴结肿大，也无肿块形成，与人疱疹病毒8（HHV8）和人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染密切相关。近来，关于非HHV8感染相关的PEL的报道相继出现，被命名为非HHV8相关的PEL样淋巴瘤（PEL-like lymphoma，PEL-LL），迄今报道累计百余例。本文报道1例非HHV8相关的PEL-LL，总结其临床表现、病理学特征，探讨其临床病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗预后。.


W. S. Li

Papers

Total synthesis of amphoteronolide B and amphotericin B. 1. Strategy and stereocontrolled construction of key building blocks

Reactions of hydroxyl groups with tosylchloride-dimethylaminopyridine system. Direct synthesis of chlorides from hydroxycompounds

Stereocontrolled construction of key building blocks for the total synthesis of amphoteronolide B and amphotericin B

Stereocontrolled Construction of Key Building Blocks for the Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B.

[HHV8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma: report of a case].