In the past few decades, as a new tool for analysis of the tough geotechnical problems, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been successfully applied to address a number of engineering problems, including deformation due to tunnelling in various types of rock mass. Unlike the classical regression methods in which a certain form for the approximation function must be presumed, ANNs do not require the complex constitutive models. Additionally, it is traced that the ANN prediction system is one of the most effective ways to predict the rock mass deformation. Furthermore, it could be envisaged that ANNs would be more feasible for the dynamic prediction of displacements in tunnelling in the future, especially if ANN models are combined with other research methods. In this paper, we summarized the state-of-the-art and future research challenges of ANNs on the tunnel deformation prediction. And the application cases as well as the improvement of ANN models were also presented. The presented ANN models can serve as a benchmark for effective prediction of the tunnel deformation with characters of nonlinearity, high parallelism, fault tolerance, learning, and generalization capability.

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Prediction of soil deformation in tunnelling using artificial neural networks

Building information modelling (BIM) can be applied to tunnel engineering to address a number of problems, including complex structure, extensive design, long construction cycle and increased security risks. To promote the development of tunnel engineering in China, this paper combines actual cases, including the Xingu mountain tunnel and the Shigu Mountain tunnel, to systematically analyse BIM applications in tunnel engineering in China. The results indicate that BIM technology in tunnel engineering is currently mainly applied during the design stage rather than during construction and operation stages. The application of BIM technology in tunnel engineering covers many problems, such as a lack of standards, incompatibility of different software, disorganized management, complex combination with GIS (Geographic Information System), low utilization rate and poor awareness. In this study, through summary of related research results and engineering cases, suggestions are introduced and an outlook for the BIM application in tunnel engineering in China is presented, which provides guidance for design optimization, construction standards and later operation maintenance.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.170174

Building information modelling review with potential applications in tunnel engineering of China

There are often greater risks in the process of tunnel construction, and because of the unpredictable tunnel features, the risks during tunnel operation are also great. Due to the substantial growth of TTAs during the recent years, the safety issues of the tunnel traffic accidents (TTAs) have become a widely discussed topic in China. This study examined 2703 TTAs that occurred in the expressway tunnels of China, from 2001 to the present. The datasets from these accidents were analyzed in detail to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of the traffic accidents as well as the source of the traffic accident distributions in the expressway tunnels. According to the analysis results, 58% of TTAs took place in the entrance and exit zones, and the rear end accident is the most common accident. In addition, the special festivals are liable to traffic accidents, especially during the Chinese Spring Festival. In order to reduce the accidents, special traffic service needs to be taken in key periods, the expressway tunnel operation departments should improve the management rules, and all the drivers should be educated to be more careful when they enter the tunnel.

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Spatialtemporal Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents in China from 2001 to Present

Safety evaluation of lighting at very long tunnels on the basis of visual adaptation

Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels

Because of the particularity of the environment in the tunnel, the rational tunnel illumination system should be developed, so as to optimize the tunnel environment. Considering the high cost of traditional tunnel illumination system with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps as well as the effect of a single light source on tunnel entrance, the energy-saving illumination system with HPS lamps and LEDs combined illumination in road tunnel, which could make full use of these two kinds of lamps, was proposed. The wireless intelligent control system based on HPS lamps and LEDs combined illumination and microcontrol unit (MCU) Si1000 wireless communication technology was designed. And the remote monitoring, wireless communication, and PWM dimming module of this system were designed emphatically. Intensity detector and vehicle flow detector can be configured in wireless intelligent control system, which gather the information to the master control unit, and then the information is sent to the monitoring center through the Ethernet. The control strategies are got by the monitoring center according to the calculated results, and the control unit wirelessly sends parameters to lamps, which adjust the luminance of each segment of the tunnel and realize the wireless intelligent control of combined illumination in road tunnel.

/pdf/application-of-wireless-intelligent-control-system-for-hps-3c1cjt3hbx.pdf

Application of wireless intelligent control system for HPS lamps and LEDs combined illumination in road tunnel

The invention discloses a fabricated tunnel support system and a construction method thereof. The fabricated tunnel support system comprises main structures such as an advanced support, a flexible support and a rigid support, and all structural layers are constructed sequentially according to construction processes. The advanced support is formed by reinforcing surrounding rocks by advanced small pipe grouting, the flexible support is formed by splicing prefabricated foam concrete blocks through bolts, joints among all the prefabricated foam concrete blocks are subjected to sealed waterproofing through elastic rubber gaskets, the rigid support comprises concrete-filled steel tube arches and prefabricated reinforced concrete segments, the concrete-filled steel tube arches are vertically arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of a tunnel, the positions among the concrete-filled steel tube arches are filled with the prefabricated reinforced concrete segments, every two adjacent concrete-filled steel tube arches are connected through longitudinal rebars, steel tubes are circumferentially connected through sleeves, and the prefabricated reinforced concrete segments are connected through bolts. The fabricated tunnel support system is simple in process, rapid in construction progress, high in quality and good in waterproof effect while tunnel structural safety is guaranteed effectively.

Fabricated tunnel support system and construction method thereof

The utility model relates to a tunnel water discharge pipe heat insulation anti-freezing system, which comprises an annular water discharge pipe, a longitudinal water discharge pipe, a center water discharge pipe and a transverse water discharge pipe, wherein the annular water discharge pipe is arranged along the tunnel lining circumference, the longitudinal water discharge pipe is arranged along the axial bottom end of a tunnel and is communicated with the annular water discharge pipe, the center water discharge pipe is arranged in the center of the tunnel, and the transverse water discharge pipe connects the center water discharge pipe and the longitudinal water discharge pipe. The tunnel water discharge pipe heat insulation anti-freezing system has the advantages that through the communication arrangement of the annular, longitudinal and center water discharge pipes, the water discharge system can fast and effectively discharge oozed water above the tunnel, and the integral water discharge effect of the tunnel can be favorably achieved; the transverse, longitudinal and center water discharge pipes respectively adopt double-layer heat insulation water discharge pipes, so that the total heat resistance of the heat transfer process is increased for reducing the heat transfer, and the temperature inside a water discharge pipeline can be maintained to be higher than 0 DEG C.

Tunnel water discharge pipe heat insulation anti-freezing system

The utility model relates to a paste type exhaust water pipe used for processing tunnel water leakage. The exhaust water pipe is a longitudinal semi-open exhaust water component, and the opening part of the exhaust water pipe stretches across and is attached to a tunnel wall along the length direction of a water leakage crack. According to the paste type exhaust water pipe used for processing tunnel water leakage, the exhaust water pipe which is attached to the position below the water leakage crack is used for exhausting water, the water leakage processing problem at an operation tunnel construction crack, a flexible crack and a large-sized horizontal crack stretching over an arch part is particularly solved, the traditional concept that a channel is chiseled for guiding drainage is changed, the secondary destruction to the tunnel lining is reduced to the greatest extent, and the water seepage processing efficiency is greatly improved.

Paste type exhaust water pipe used for processing tunnel water leakage

The invention discloses a tunnel geological advanced prediction radar antenna adaptive position-adjusting device comprising an adaptive part and a motion part. The adaptive part is mainly used to automatically control the pressure between a radar antenna and a working face. The motion part is composed of a walking device and an elevator, and is mainly used to control up-and-down and left-and-right motion of the adaptive part. By adopting the device, the pressure between a radar antenna and the working face of a tunnel can be automatically kept at a stable value, and the pressure value neither changes because of the bumpy working face of the tunnel nor changes as the distance between a measuring vehicle and the working face of the tunnel changes. The radar antenna can move freely on the working face in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the whole area of the working face can be measured.

Wang Yaqiong

Papers

Application of wireless intelligent control system for HPS lamps and LEDs combined illumination in road tunnel

Fabricated tunnel support system and construction method thereof

Tunnel water discharge pipe heat insulation anti-freezing system

Paste type exhaust water pipe used for processing tunnel water leakage

Tunnel geological advanced prediction radar antenna adaptive position-adjusting device