This paper provides an updated review on fast pyrolysis of biomass for production of a liquid usually referred to as bio-oil. The technology of fast pyrolysis is described including the major reaction systems. The primary liquid product is characterised by reference to the many properties that impact on its use. These properties have caused increasingly extensive research to be undertaken to address properties that need modification and this area is reviewed in terms of physical, catalytic and chemical upgrading. Of particular note is the increasing diversity of methods and catalysts and particularly the complexity and sophistication of multi-functional catalyst systems. It is also important to see more companies involved in this technology area and increased take-up of evolving upgrading processes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading

http://www.chtf.stuba.sk/~szolcsanyi/education/files/Chemia%20heterocyklickych%20zlucenin/Prednaska%207/Doplnkove%20studijne%20materialy/Hydroxymethylfurfural/Conversion%20of%20biomass%20platform%20molecules%20into%20fuel%20additives%20and%20liquid%20hydrocarbon%20fuels.pdf

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

The production of future transportation fuels and chemicals requires the deployment of new catalytic processes that transform biomass into valuable products under competitive conditions. Furfural has been identified as one of the most promising chemical platforms directly derived from biomass. With an annual production close to 300 kTon, furfural is currently a commodity chemical, and the technology for its production is largely established. The aim of this review is to discuss the most relevant chemical routes for converting furfural to chemicals, biofuels, and additives. This review focuses not only on industrially produced chemicals derived from furfural, but also on other not yet commercialised products that have a high potential for commercialisation as commodities. Other chemicals that are currently produced from oil but can also be derived from furfural are also reviewed. The chemical and engineering aspects such as the reaction conditions and mechanisms, as well as the main achievements and the challenges still to come in the pursuit of advancing the furfural-based industry, are highlighted.

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Furfural: a renewable and versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels

Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil: flash pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. The cost of bio-oil production from biomass is relatively high based on current technologies, and the main challenges are the low yield and poor bio-oil quality. Considerable research efforts have been made to improve the bio-oil production from biomass. Scientific and technical developments towards improving bio-oil yield and quality to date are reviewed, with an emphasis on bio-oil upgrading research. Furthermore, the article covers some major issues that associated with bio-oil from biomass, which includes bio-oil basics (e.g., characteristics, chemistry), application, environmental and economic assessment. It also points out barriers to achieving improvements in the future.

Bio-oil production and upgrading research: A review

As our high dependence on the supply of diminishing fossil fuel reserves raise great concerns in its environmental, political and economic consequences, utilization of renewable biomass as an alternative resource has become increasingly important. Along this background, furfural as a building block, offers a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels and value-added chemicals. These include 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, furan, tetrahydrofuran as well as various cyclo-products (e.g., cyclopentanol, cyclopentanone). The various production routes started from furfural to various fuel additives and chemicals are critically reviewed, and the current technologies for efficient production are identified. Their potential applications as well as the fuel properties of these products are discussed. Challenges and areas that need improvement are also highlighted in the corresponding area. In short, we conduct a comprehensive review of the strategies to produce furfural, new approaches and numerous possibilities to utilize furfural in industrial and laboratory sector for the production of fuel additives and value-added chemicals.

Production, properties and catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to fuel additives and value-added chemicals

One-step hydrogenation–esterification of furfural and acetic acid over bifunctional Pd catalysts for bio-oil upgrading

The bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass cannot be used effectively as engine fuel because of its high corrosiveness and instability mainly due to substantial amounts of organic acids and reactive aldehydes. In this paper a treatment of acids and aldehydes in the bio-oil was focused on. A novel upgrading method named one-step hydrogenation−esterification (OHE) was established to convert acids and aldehydes to stable and combustible components. Acetaldehyde (butyl aldehyde) and acetic acid were chosen as model compounds for the OHE reaction over platinum catalysts that acidic supports such as HZSM-5 or amorphous aluminum silicate were adopted. The catalysts were bifunctional, which means they have properties of hydrogenation and esterification. Experiments showed this, and it was a feasible route to convert these main unstable components of bio-oil to esters through this simple and effective OHE reaction. The catalysts with high surface area, large pore size distribution, small metal particles,and strong...

One-Step Hydrogenation-Esterification of Aldehyde and Acid to Ester over Bifunctional Pt Catalysts : A Model Reaction as Novel Route for Catalytic Upgrading of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas over Ni/SiO2 and Ni–Al2O3/SiO2 catalysts with different precursors

Bifunctional Pd/Al-SBA-15 catalyzed one-step hydrogenation–esterification of furfural and acetic acid: A model reaction for catalytic upgrading of bio-oil

Wanjin Yu

Papers

One-step hydrogenation–esterification of furfural and acetic acid over bifunctional Pd catalysts for bio-oil upgrading

One-Step Hydrogenation-Esterification of Aldehyde and Acid to Ester over Bifunctional Pt Catalysts : A Model Reaction as Novel Route for Catalytic Upgrading of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas over Ni/SiO2 and Ni–Al2O3/SiO2 catalysts with different precursors

Bifunctional Pd/Al-SBA-15 catalyzed one-step hydrogenation–esterification of furfural and acetic acid: A model reaction for catalytic upgrading of bio-oil

Combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas over Ni/SiO2 prepared with nickel citrate precursor