Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

/pdf/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-the-way-forward-11rgsqyer0.pdf

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.

Carbon capture and storage update

Structure and nanostructure in ionic liquids.

Global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has become a widespread concern in the recent years. Though various CO2 capture technologies have been proposed, chemical absorption and adsorption are currently believed to be the most suitable ones for post-combustion power plants. The operation of the chemical absorption process is reviewed in this work, together with the use of absorbents, such as the ionic liquid, alkanolamines and their blended aqueous solutions. The major concerns for this technology, including CO2 capture efficiency, absorption rate, energy required in regeneration, and volume of absorber, are addressed. For adsorption, in addition to physical adsorbents, various mesoporous solid adsorbents impregnated with polyamines and grafted with aminosilanes are reviewed in this work. The major concerns for selection of adsorbent, including cost, adsorption rate, CO2 adsorption capacity, and thermal stability, are compared and discussed. More effective and less energy-consuming regeneration techniques for CO2-loaded adsorbents are also proposed. Future works for both absorption and adsorption are suggested.

/pdf/a-review-of-co2-capture-by-absorption-and-adsorption-5eczh2835p.pdf

A Review of CO2 Capture by Absorption and Adsorption

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/162122/B5324BA5-F503-4BE9-947E-6F7ED01AAD04.pdf

Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2

A series of 20 dual amino-functionalised phosphonium ionic liquids, (3-aminopropyl)tributylphosphonium amino acid salts ([aP(4443)][AA], in which [AA](-) = [Ala](-), [Arg](-), [Asn](-), [Asp](-), [Cys](-), [Gln](-), [Glu](-), [Gly](-), [His](-), [Ile](-), [Leu](-), [Lys](-), [Met](-), [Phe](-), [Pro](-), [Ser](-), [Thr](-), [Trp](-), [Tyr](-) and [Val](-)), has been prepared. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, viscosity, glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures and conductivity, have been determined. In particular, the [aP(4443)][AA] ionic liquids (ILs) have low glass transition temperatures ranging from -69.7 to -29.6 degrees C and high decomposition temperatures (all above 200 degrees C). The effects of the variation of the structure of [AA](-) on the above physicochemical properties are discussed. Furthermore, the CO(2) absorption of [aP(4443)][Gly], [aP(4443)][Ala], [aP(4443)][Val] and [aP(4443)][Leu], taken as examples, was investigated. It was found that the supported absorption of CO(2) by the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs almost reaches equilibrium within 80 min, the chemical absorption of CO(2) by the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs approaches 1 mol CO(2) per mol ionic liquid (twice that reported before) and the [aP(4443)][AA] ILs can be repeatedly recycled for CO(2) uptake.

http://sourcedb.ipe.cas.cn/zw/lwlb/200908/P020090831532647759920.pdf

Dual amino-functionalised phosphonium ionic liquids for CO2 capture.

http://sourcedb.ipe.cas.cn/zw/lwlb/201002/P020100203614021172998.pdf

Reusable and efficient polymer-supported task-specific ionic liquid catalyst for cycloaddition of epoxide with CO2

Densities and viscosities for the methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) ionic liquid binary system, over the whole concentration range in the temperature range from (283.15 to 353.15) K, were measured by using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 densimeter and an Anton Paar AMVn Measuring Assembly, respectively. The excess molar volumes VE were calculated by using the measured experimental densities and correlated by the Redlich−Kister type equation. The correlation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and optimal fitting parameters are present. All the VE values within the scope of research are negative and become more and more negative with increasing temperature.

http://sourcedb.ipe.cas.cn/zw/lwlb/200909/P020090909592005765155.pdf

Density, Excess Molar Volume, and Viscosity for the Methyl Methacrylate + 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid Binary System at Atmospheric Pressure

Density and viscosity for the methanol + methyl methacrylate (MMA) binary system over the whole concentration range in the temperature range from (383.15 to 333.15) K were measured. From the all experimental data, the excess molar volumes V-E and viscosity deviations delta eta were calculated. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were correlated by the Redlich-Kister type equations. Optimally fitted parameters are presented, and the correlation results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.

Wei Fan

Papers

Dual amino-functionalised phosphonium ionic liquids for CO2 capture.

Reusable and efficient polymer-supported task-specific ionic liquid catalyst for cycloaddition of epoxide with CO2

Density, Excess Molar Volume, and Viscosity for the Methyl Methacrylate + 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid Binary System at Atmospheric Pressure

Excess Molar Volume and Viscosity Deviation for the Methanol + Methyl Methacrylate Binary System at T = (283.15 to 333.15) K