The thermal management of a lithium-ion battery (LINB) cell in three dimensions was described in this study. For the thermal control of the LINB, two strategies were used: active and passive. For the passive heat management approach, phase change material (PCM) was employed. The LINB was put in a PCM-filled chamber. Two circular and oval chambers were placed around the LINB. In order to actively manage the heat, the LINB was thermally managed by placing the chamber and the LINB in an air duct. By changing the inlet air flow rate 0.1 cm/s to 0.4 cm/s, the temperature of the LINB, the amount of heat transfer coefficient (CHTR) and the volume fraction (VLF) of the PCM were investigated at different times (0 to 5000 s) for the two chamber shapes. Finite element method and COMSOL software were used for simulation. The results of this study showed that increasing the inlet air flow rate increases the CHTR of the LINB. Also, increasing the air speed caused the VLF of PCM to decrease. Over time, the CHTR increases and also over time, the LINB temperature increases. The hexagonal chamber resulted in a higher quantity of molten PCM than the circular chamber, particularly at t = 1200 s. 

Effect of combined air cooling and nano enhanced phase change materials on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries

The structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical characteristics of the cubic inorganic perovskites XZrO3 (X = Rb and K) based on Rb and K were studied using Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP)-based density functional theory (DFT) via the ultrasoft pseudo-potential (USP) plane wave and generalized gradient approximation (GGA)-Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange–correlation functional. The measured lattice parameters are 3.55 Å and 4.23 Å, and the band gaps of RbZrO3 and KZrO3 are 3.57 eV and 3.78 eV, respectively. Our results indicate that the compounds have indirect and wide bandgaps, making them useful for improving conductivity. It is observed that the compounds have anisotropic, ductile, and brittle natures. The anisotropic factor values of RbZrO3 and KZrO3 are 0.67067 and 0.87224, and their Poisson's ratios are 0.27356 and 0.25853, respectively. In terms of optical properties, they exhibited high optical absorption and conductivity and were active in the visible region for solar cell applications. These results indicate that they could be highly useful for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and other reflection purposes owing to their indirect bandgap. The results of our investigation of RbZrO3 and KZrO3 present them as favorable materials for solar cell and LED applications.

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Zirconium-based cubic-perovskite materials for photocatalytic solar cell applications: a DFT study

Environmentally friendly and efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices played a significantly essential role in commercial applications. Herein, The PM6:TBFCl50-BDD:IT-4F-based ternary device was fabricated by using non-halogen solvent o-xylene (o-XY), and...

Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Device with Non-halogen Solvent via Synergistic Inhibiting Charge Recombination and Regulating Morphology

Green solvent-treated organic solar cells (OSCs) have demonstrated significant strengths in terms of commercialization in recent years. However, the low solubility and high boiling point of green solvents cause difficulties...

Advances toward the Device Design and Printing Technology for Eco-friendly Organic Photovoltaics

15% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Polymer Acceptor Containing B←N Unit

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104090

Domain size control in all-polymer solar cells

Quercetin ameliorates advanced glycation end product-induced wound healing impairment and inflammaging in human gingival fibroblasts

Cow's milk (CM) allergy is a common food allergy that seriously impacts the growth and development of infants and children. However, CM is an important source of nutrients, and few studies focus on the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis treatment on the whole skimmed CM system. In this study, the IgG/IgE-binding and functional properties of Alcalase-, Protamex-, and Flavourzyme-treated skimmed CM (AT, PT, and FT, respectively) were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the treatment groups were mainly composed of low molecular weight (MW) peptides (<3 kDa), accounting for 94.85%-97.90%. Additionally, the IgG reactivity of these peptides was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of higher MW peptides (10-30 kDa and >30 kDa). The IgE reactivity of FT with higher MW peptides was the lowest among these groups, with the OD value reaching 0.089. Moreover, the total amino acid content of hydrolysates of skimmed CM (HM) increased significantly (skimmed CM, 5.94 µg/mL; AT, 123.70 µg/mL; PT: 136.20 µg/mL; FT, 988.72 µg/mL) compared to that in skimmed CM. A total of 10, 10, and 7 flavor compounds were increased in AT, PT, and FT, respectively. Furthermore, the solubility, foamability, and emulsifying ability of HM were significantly improved, being 2.17-fold, 1.52-fold, and 1.96-fold higher in PT than in skimmed CM. These results lay a theoretical foundation for the development of hypoallergenic dairy products.

Wei Huang

Papers

Domain size control in all-polymer solar cells

Quercetin ameliorates advanced glycation end product-induced wound healing impairment and inflammaging in human gingival fibroblasts

Evaluation of IgG/IgE-binding capacity and functional properties of enzymatic hydrolysis in skimmed cow milk system.