Glucose detection is of great significance in biomedical applications. Principles, methods and recent developments in electrochemical glucose sensors are reviewed here. Special attention is given to the discussion on some problems and bottlenecks in areas of nonenzymatic and enzymatic (glucose oxidase-based) amperometric glucose sensing.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-electrochemical-glucose-biosensors-a-4zf5h9p6ys.pdf

Recent advances in electrochemical glucose biosensors: a review

Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry Chengzhou Zhu,† Dan Du,†,⊥ Alexander Eychmüller,‡ and Yuehe Lin*,†,§ †School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China ‡Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States

Engineering Ordered and Nonordered Porous Noble Metal Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry

Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an important class of catalysts. In many cases, bimetallic alloy NPs have higher catalytic efficiencies than their monometallic counterparts, owing to strong synergy between the metals. In this Review, we survey the research progress on the synergistic effect of bimetallic alloy NPs for catalytic reactions related to fuel cells, such as the electrochemical oxidation of MeOH, EtOH, and formic acid, CO oxidation, the oxygen-reduction reaction, and the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, formic acid, hydrous hydrazine, hydrazine borane, etc. In addition, the use of synergistic catalysis in some other important reactions has also been reviewed. Recent developments in synergistic catalysis over bimetallic alloy NPs will provide access to a variety of low-cost and high-performance catalysts for laboratory and industrial applications within the next few years.

Synergistic Catalysis over Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles

Recent advances in electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors - A review.

This article reviews the progress made in the past 5 years in the field of direct and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose. Following a brief discussion of the merits and limitations of enzymatic glucose sensors, we discuss the history of unraveling the mechanism of direct oxidation of glucose and theories of non-enzymatic electrocatalysis. We then review non-enzymatic glucose electrodes based on the use of the metals platinum, gold, nickel, copper, of alloys and bimetals, of carbon materials (including graphene and graphene-based composites), and of metal-metal oxides and layered double hydroxides. This review contains more than 200 refs.

Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose

Nonenzymatic amperometric response of glucose on a nanoporous gold film electrode fabricated by a rapid and simple electrochemical method.

AuPt alloy films with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical pores consisting of interconnected dendrite walls were successfully fabricated by a strategy of cathodic codeposition utilizing the hydrogen bubble dynamic template. The foam films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Due to the special porous structure, the electronic property, and the assembly effect, the AuPt alloy foam films show superior electrocatalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of formic acid in acidic solution, and the prepared 3D porous AuPt alloy films also show high activity and long stability for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, where synergistic effect plays an important role in addition to the electronic effect and assembly effect. These findings provide more insights into the AuPt bimetallic nanomaterials for electrocatalytic applications.

Preparation of AuPt alloy foam films and their superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of formic acid.

Insights into the superhydrophobicity of metallic surfaces prepared by electrodeposition involving spontaneous adsorption of airborne hydrocarbons

Facile fabrication of nanoporous gold film electrodes

In this work, we constructed an ultrasensitive non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor based on a Cu-coated nanoporous gold film (Cu/NPGF) for the first time, which comprised two pairs of electron mediators, Cu(II)/Cu(III) and Au/Au(I). The nanoporous gold film with high roughness ( R  = 136) was prepared by anodic potential step and the very thin Cu coating into/on the nanoporous Au was electrodeposited at constant current. In comparison with electrodeposited Cu on a smooth gold surface and with the nanoporous Au, the prepared Cu/NPGF showed significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose around 0.1 V due to its nanoporous structure and the pronounced co-mediating of Cu(II)/Cu(III) and Au/Au(I), as well as their coupling Cu(III) + Au = Cu(II) + Au(I). The Cu functionalized NPGF electrode also exhibited an extraordinary performance in sensing glucose with a wide linear range (2 μM–8.11 mM), short response time (3 s), ultrasensitivity (3643 μA mM −1  cm −2 ), low detection limit (0.59 μM), good anti-interference and anti-toxicity, long-term stability (over 3 weeks), and satisfactory quantification of glucose concentration in human serum. We expect that functionalization of nanoporous gold films will provide a new platform for electrochemical sensors.

Wei Huang

Papers

Nonenzymatic amperometric response of glucose on a nanoporous gold film electrode fabricated by a rapid and simple electrochemical method.

Preparation of AuPt alloy foam films and their superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of formic acid.

Insights into the superhydrophobicity of metallic surfaces prepared by electrodeposition involving spontaneous adsorption of airborne hydrocarbons

Facile fabrication of nanoporous gold film electrodes

An ultrasensitive non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor based on a Cu-coated nanoporous gold film involving co-mediating