According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

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Convex Analysisの二,三の進展について

The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while

Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy

本文对国际科学计量学杂志《Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｏｍｅｔｒｉｃｓ》１９７９－１９９１年的研究论文内容、栏目、作者及国别和编委及国别作了计量分析，揭示出科学计量学研究的重点、活动的中心及发展趋势，说明了学科带头人在发展科学计量学这门新兴学科中的作用。

国际刊物《Scientometrics》文献计量研究

In this Chapter, we imagine a decision maker (or a group of experts) trying to establish or examine fair procedures to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view.

Multiple criteria decision making

In this paper, sharp a posteriori error estimators are derived for a class of distributed elliptic optimal control problems. These error estimators are shown to be useful in adaptive finite element approximation for the optimal control problems and are implemented in the adaptive approach. Our numerical results indicate that the sharp error estimators work satisfactorily in guiding the mesh adjustments and can save substantial computational work.

/pdf/adaptive-finite-element-approximation-for-distributed-57i1cocfgr.pdf

Adaptive Finite Element Approximation for Distributed Elliptic Optimal Control Problems

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models with undesirable inputs and outputs have been frequently discussed in DEA literature, e.g., via data transformation. These studies were scatted in the literature, and often confined to some particular applications. In this paper we present a systematic investigation on model building of DEA without transferring undesirable data. We first describe the disposability assumptions and a number of different performance measures in the presence of undesirable inputs and outputs, and then discuss different combinations of the disposability assumptions and the metrics. This approach leads to a unified presentation of several classes of DEA models with undesirable inputs and/or outputs.

DEA models with undesirable inputs and outputs

In this paper, we present an a posteriori error analysis for finite element approximation of distributed convex optimal control problems. We derive a posteriori error estimates for the coupled state and control approximations under some assumptions which hold in many applications. Such estimates, which are apparently not available in the literature, can be used to construct reliable adaptive finite element approximation schemes for control problems. Explicit estimates are obtained for some model problems which frequently appear in real-life applications.

A Posteriori Error Estimates for Distributed Convex Optimal Control Problems

In this paper we consider the continuous piecewise linear finite el- ement approximation of the following problem: Given p € (1, oo), /, and g , find u such that -V • (\Vu\"-2Vu) = f iniicR2, u = g on a«. The finite element approximation is defined over I2* , a union of regular tri- angles, yielding a polygonal approximation to Q. For sufficiently regular so- lutions u , achievable for a subclass of data /, g , and I2 , we prove optimal error bounds for this approximation in the norm WlQ(Q!1), q = p for p 2, under the additional assumption that Qh C £2. Numerical results demonstrating these bounds are also presented.

https://www.ams.org/mcom/1993-61-204/S0025-5718-1993-1192966-4/S0025-5718-1993-1192966-4.pdf

Finite element approximation of the p -Laplacian

This paper is primarily concerned with data envelopment analysis (DEA) of systems where negative outputs and negative inputs arise naturally. Examples of situations in which both negative inputs and negative outputs occur are given. More attention has been paid, in the literature, to the former type of problem. Most available DEA software does not solve this type of problem or copes with negative outputs and possibly negative inputs by assigning zero weights to them. A modified slacks-based measure (MSBM) model is presented, in which both negative outputs and negative inputs occur. The MSBM model overcomes the lack of translation invariance in the slacks-based measure model by drawing on the ideas from the range directional model (RDM). The MSBM model takes into account individual input and output slacks, which provides more precise evaluation of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs). It therefore, generally leads to lower efficiencies for inefficient DMUs than the RDM.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.jors.2602318.pdf

Wenbin Liu

Papers

Adaptive Finite Element Approximation for Distributed Elliptic Optimal Control Problems

DEA models with undesirable inputs and outputs

A Posteriori Error Estimates for Distributed Convex Optimal Control Problems

Finite element approximation of the p -Laplacian

A modified slacks-based measure model for data envelopment analysis with ‘natural’ negative outputs and inputs