Quasi-experimentation - design and analysis issues for field settings - cook,td, campbell,dt

A trial of goal- oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients

The 'five rights' of clinical reasoning: an educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients.

Review and performance evaluation of aggregate weighted 'track and trigger' systems.

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The medical emergency team.

This paper presents a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of research designs involving quantitative measures and, in particular, experimental research. The review evolved during the planning stage of a PhD project that sought to determine the effects of witnessed resuscitation on bereaved relatives. The discussion is therefore supported throughout by reference to bereavement research. Three levels of quantitative research are presented: descriptive, correlational and experimental. The findings suggest that experimental research is subject to a number of methodological limitations that may jeopardise internal and external validity of the research results and, consequently, limit their applicability for practice. Nurses are therefore encouraged to carefully consider the virtues of experimental designs, in their quest for evidence-based practice and in the planning of future research.

The strengths and weaknesses of research designs involving quantitative measures

Wendy Walker examines some important ethical issues that researchers need to consider before and during phenomenological research. She argues that failure to address such issues means putting at risk the rights of research participants.

Ethical considerations in phenomenological research.

This article reports on the process and outcomes of a systematic integrative literature review, designed to enhance understanding of the factors influencing bereaved families' decisions to agree or decline the donation of their deceased relative's organs for transplantation. Research originating from eight Western countries (N = 20 studies) provided an international perspective to the review. Thematic analysis and synthesis of textual data culminated in the development of three global themes (past, present, and future) that captured the temporal dimensions of family decision making. The review findings provide valuable insight into ways of increasing the rate of consent to organ donation through the development family-centered care interventions that reflect the needs of the bereaved. Further research to explore the pathway of donation after circulatory death and the experiences of bereaved families who decline organ donation is essential to providing a more complete understanding of the factors affecting donation decisions.

Factors influencing bereaved families' decisions about organ donation: an integrative literature review

We examined the literature relating to the safe care of acutely ill hospitalized patients, and found that there are substantial opportunities for improvement. Recent research suggests substantial benefit may be obtained by systems of outreach care that facilitate better integration, co-ordination, collaboration and continuity of multidisciplinary care. Herein we review the various approaches that are being adopted, and suggest the need for continuing evaluation of these systems as they are introduced into different health care systems.

/pdf/clinical-review-outreach-a-strategy-for-improving-the-care-5g16z189s4.pdf

Clinical review: Outreach – a strategy for improving the care of the acutely ill hospitalized patient

Interviewing is a popular research method, closely associated with hermeneutic inquiry as a means of obtaining lived experience material from the viewpoint of the experiencing person. This article provides personal and theoretical insights into the use of the research interview to explore the meaning of witnessed resuscitation from the perspectives of emergency department registered nurses and ambulance staff who have experienced this situation. The discussion focuses on the decisions and actions taken by the researcher to enhance the nature and quality of interviews and offers a step-by-step guide to the practicalities of interviewing. The interview process is theorised and discussed in the tradition of hermeneutic enquiry.

/pdf/hermeneutic-inquiry-insights-into-the-process-of-3ewlkf560s.pdf

Wendy Walker

Papers

The strengths and weaknesses of research designs involving quantitative measures

Ethical considerations in phenomenological research.

Factors influencing bereaved families' decisions about organ donation: an integrative literature review

Clinical review: Outreach – a strategy for improving the care of the acutely ill hospitalized patient

Hermeneutic inquiry: insights into the process of interviewing.