Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

/pdf/micro-total-analysis-systems-1-introduction-theory-and-27f7corp18.pdf

Micro Total Analysis Systems. 1. Introduction, Theory, and Technology

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics.

We survey progress over the past 25 years in the development of microscale devices for pumping fluids. We attempt to provide both a reference for micropump researchers and a resource for those outside the field who wish to identify the best micropump for a particular application. Reciprocating displacement micropumps have been the subject of extensive research in both academia and the private sector and have been produced with a wide range of actuators, valve configurations and materials. Aperiodic displacement micropumps based on mechanisms such as localized phase change have been shown to be suitable for specialized applications. Electroosmotic micropumps exhibit favorable scaling and are promising for a variety of applications requiring high flow rates and pressures. Dynamic micropumps based on electrohydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic effects have also been developed. Much progress has been made, but with micropumps suitable for important applications still not available, this remains a fertile area for future research.

https://microfluidics.stanford.edu/Publications/Micropumps_Cooling/Laser%20Review%20of%20Micropumps%20in%20JMM.pdf

A review of micropumps

Flow Injection Analysis

A thin aqueous layer is formed between the polymeric ion-selective membrane and an inner gold electrode. Its composition can be altered upon sample changes, which leads to drifting potentials. It is shown by theory and experiment that interfering ions enter the inner layer much faster than primary ones. Measurement protocols with equal contact times for the sample and the reconditioning solution can therefore not eliminate the effect of changes in the composition of the inner solution. The formation of an inner aqueous film and corresponding drifts for solid-contacted membrane electrodes can be avoided by creating a lipophilic self-assembled monolayer on the surface of the inner electrode.

Potential Drifts of Solid-Contacted Ion-Selective Electrodes Due to Zero-Current Ion Fluxes Through the Sensor Membrane

Selectivity-modifying influence of anionic sites in neutral-carrier-based membrane electrodes

Neutral Carrier Based Ion-Selective Electrodes

On the basis of previously reported correlations between the lipophilicity of membrane components, their partition coefficient between the membrane and the sample, and the lifetime of corresponding neutral-carrier-based sensors, the lipophilicities of ionophores and plasticizers in analytically relevant ion-selective electrodes, ISFETs, and optodes are analyzed and reported. Equations for the estimation of the lifetimes of liquid membranes in continuous-flow systems are presented, and the experimental determination of the lipophilicity values by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is described. The required lipophilicities for the lifetimes of liquid membranes over 30 24-h days for different applications in aqueous solutions as well as in blood are presented. A comparison of the experimental results of lifetime measurements with calculated theoretical values is given. The experimental results of the determination of the lipophilicity by TLC are compared with the lipophilicities estimated on the basis of Hansch parameters.

Lifetime of neutral-carrier-based liquid membranes in aqueous samples and blood and the lipophilicity of membrane components.

A large variety of new optical ion-sensor constructions (optodes) can now be realized by using a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane that incorporates a cation-selective neutral ionophore, a specially tailored H + -selective neutral chromoionophore, and lipophilic anionic sites in the same plasticized PVC membrane. Such membranes generally combined the advantages of a highly selective and reversible recognition of given ionic substrates and of a straightforward optical transduction of the recognition process

Werner E. Morf

Papers

Potential Drifts of Solid-Contacted Ion-Selective Electrodes Due to Zero-Current Ion Fluxes Through the Sensor Membrane

Selectivity-modifying influence of anionic sites in neutral-carrier-based membrane electrodes

Neutral Carrier Based Ion-Selective Electrodes

Lifetime of neutral-carrier-based liquid membranes in aqueous samples and blood and the lipophilicity of membrane components.

Design of a novel calcium-selective optode membrane based on neutral ionophores