A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau-Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include h(c)(1P), chi(c2)(2P), B-c(+), and eta(b)(1S). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating X(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like "XYZ" states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c (c) over bar, b (b) over bar, and b (c) over bar bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.

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Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

Weak decays of heavy mesons in the static quark approximation

Preface Inputs to the standard model Interactions of the standard model Symmetries and anomalies Introduction to effective Lagrangians Leptons Very low energy QCD - Pions and photons Introducing kaons and etas Kaons and the S=1 interaction Kaon mixing and CP violation The large N expansion Phenomenological models Baryon properties Hadron spectroscopy Weak interactions of heavy quarks The Higgs boson The electroweak gauge bosons Appendices References Index.

Dynamics of the Standard Model

Minimal Dark Matter

Heavy quark symmetry

Effective lagrangians for bound state problems in QED, QCD, and other field theories

We present a simple argument which shows that all the ultraviolet divergences of quantum field theory may be subtracted by the use of purely local Hermitian counterterms. Using minimal subtraction and differentiation with respect to external momenta we are able to circumvent the problem of overlapping divergences, and many results of renormalization theory are easily derived. The subtraction procedure also allows arbitrary infrared well-defined rearrangements of the regularized integrand to be carried out.

Simple approach to renormalization theory

Zero three-loop beta function in the N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

Vanishing Three Loop Beta Function in $N=4$ Supersymmetric {Yang-Mills} Theory

We present an analysis of renormalization effects for a class of grand unified theories which contain SU(2)/sub L/ x SU(2)/sub R/ x U(1) /sub B/-L left-right-symmetric low-energy electroweak model. Previously obtained predictions for the proton lifetime are improved at the two-loop level and we find 10/sup 32/< or =tau/sub p/< or =10/sup 39/ yr for 50< or =..lambda../sub M/S< or =400 MeV (MS indicates the modified minimal-subtraction scheme). In addition, we calculate the quark-lepton mass ratios and the enhancement factors for all the leading baryon-number-violating operators. Implications of our results for the selection rules in baryon decay are also presented.

William E. Caswell

Papers

Effective lagrangians for bound state problems in QED, QCD, and other field theories

Simple approach to renormalization theory

Zero three-loop beta function in the N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

Vanishing Three Loop Beta Function in $N=4$ Supersymmetric {Yang-Mills} Theory

Predictions of left-right-symmetric grand unified theories