Diimin last sich in Losung durch die stereospezifische cis-Hydrierung symmetrischer Mehrfachbindungen eindeutig nachweisen. Auser mit Reaktionen, die bisher dem Hydrazin zugeschrieben wurden, befast sich der Uberblick vor allem mit den verschiedenen Quellen fur Diimin und mit dessen Folgereaktionen.

Zur Chemie des Diimins

In chemical research attention is increasingly being focussed on composite “complex” systems with special properties and functions. As components of such systems 1,4-diazines are steadily gaining in popularity. Here, 1,4-diazines means pyrazine and its derivatives as well as compounds with partial pyrazine structure; examples are quinoxaline, phenazine, pteridine, flavin and their derivatives. All these compounds are characterized by a low lying unoccupied π-molecular orbital and by the ability to act as bridging ligand. Due to these two properties 1,4-diazines, and especially their parent compound pyrazine, possess a characteristic reactivity. 1,4-Diazines may be employed to study inter- and intramolecular electron transfer in organic, inorganic and biochemical reactions. In the redox system of 1,4-diazines the paramagnetic 7π-electron intermediate exhibits exceptional stability, whereas the 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diazines with 8π-electrons in a six-membered ring are not generally accessible due to their potential antiaromaticity and their large excess of π electrons. Its inherent bifunctionality and the low lying unoccupied molecular orbital permit pyrazine to form coordination polymers having unusual electrical and magnetic properties. Finally, the phenomena observed for pyrazines may be used in the interpretation of the reactivity of naturally occurring 1,4-diazines, such as flavins and bioluminescent natural products.

The Versatile Chemistry of 1,4‐Diazines: Organic, Inorganic and Biochemical Aspects

Anodic oxidation of hydrazine and its derivatives

Analog zu p-Phenylendiaminen kuppeln heterocyclische Hydrazone, soweit sie als (vinyloge) Amidrazone aufzufassen sind, oxydativ mit aromatischen Aminen, Phenolen und reaktiven Methylen-Verbindungen zu Azofarbstoffen besonderen Typs. Mit Aldehyd-hydrazonen entstehen Tetra-aza-pentamethin-cyanine bzw. Dehydro-formazane. Sowohl der Verlauf dieser sehr allgemeinen Reaktion als auch die Eigenschaften dieser durch direkte Azokupplung nicht zuganglichen Farbstoffe werden naher besprochen.

Heterocyclische Azofarbstoffe durch oxydative Kupplung

Publisher Summary Lecithin has long been an important component of a myriad of both food and non-food products and is one of the most versatile and valuable byproducts of the oilseed industry. In foods, lecithin provides about a dozen functions, including as an emulsifier, as a wetting agent, for viscosity reduction, as release agents, and for crystallization control. Lecithin also provides functions in numerous industrial applications as well. By 1940, the U.S. lecithin industry was well established. The lecithin industry is a mature one, but several factors have affected it. Although historically soybean has been the major source of lecithin worldwide, others are being sought because of increased demands for non-Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) lecithin, including canola and sunflower. Although lecithin from GMO soybeans has been shown to be equivalent to non-GMO lines, the European market prefers non-GMO lecithin. Over the past few decades, lecithin has become more important as a neutraceutical and food supplement ingredient. Moreover, the discovery of liposomes has provided a new and more efficient means for drug delivery. This chapter reviews the lecithin industry, manufacture and properties of commercial products, their quality control and modification, and food and nonfood uses.

Soybean Lecithin: Food, Industrial Uses, and Other Applications

Alkylhydrazines. III. Dimerization of Certain Substituted 1,1-Dialkyldiazenes to Tetraalkyltetrazenes1-3

https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/10945/48680/1/Tolles_An%20Electron%20Spin%20Resonance%20Study_1969.pdf

William R. McBride

Papers

Alkylhydrazines. III. Dimerization of Certain Substituted 1,1-Dialkyldiazenes to Tetraalkyltetrazenes1-3

An Electron Spin Resonance Study of Several 1,4-Dihydro-s-tetrazine Cation Radicals

Preparation and Oxidation of 1,2-Diamino-1,2-dimethylguanidine

Acid Decomposition of Tetraalkl-2-tetrazenes in Aqueous Solution

Reactions of Tetraalkyl-2-tetrazenes with Tetranitromethane