Author(s): Aldous, DJ | Abstract: Consider N particles, which merge into clusters according to the following rule: a cluster of size x and a cluster of size y merge at (stochastic) rate K(x, y)/N, were AT is a specified rate kernel. This Marcus-Lushnikov model of stochastic coalescence and the underlying deterministic approximation given by the Smoluchowski coagulation equations have an extensive scientific literature. Some mathematical literature (Kingman's coalescent in population genetics; component sizes in random graphs) implicitly studies the special cases K(x, y) = 1 and K(x, y) = xy. We attempt a wide-ranging survey. General kernels are only now starting to be studied rigorously; so many interesting open problems appear. © 1999 ISI/BS.

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Deterministic and stochastic models for coalescence (aggregation and coagulation): a review of the mean-field theory for probabilists

Model-based design of experiments for parameter precision: State of the art

This paper addresses the problem of automatically generating heat exchanger network configurations that feature minimum investment cost subject to minimum utility cost and fewest number of units. Based on the linear programming and the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) transshipment models for heat integration, a superstructure that has embedded many alternative configurations is proposed. This superstructure, which has as units the matches predicted by the MILP transshipment model, includes options for series and parallel matching, as well as stream splitting, mixing, and bypassing. Many of the implied stream connections in the superstructure are reduced to zero flow with a nonlinear programming formulation that leads to realistic and practical designs. Theoretical properties as well as the implementation aspects of the proposed procedure for the automatic generation of networks are presented. The method is illustrated with three example problems.

Automatic synthesis of optimum heat exchanger network configurations

A ninhydrin-based assay to quantitate the total protein content of tissue samples.

Comments on improvements on a replacement for the logarithmic mean

A replacement for the logarithmic mean

The effect of Reynolds number and fluid temperature in whey protein fouling

The measurement of insoluble proteins using a modified Bradford assay

This paper describes the development of a novel proximity gauging technique for soft deposits, exploiting a siphon effect. This non-contact technique has the capability to measure the thickness of soft deposits on a surface in situ and in real time. A theoretical model of performance has been developed and its validity demonstrated by calibration experiments. Local thickness measurements of soft deposits such as whey protein deposit, supermarket butter and sticky foam on metal surfaces had an accuracy of ±20 μm for a deposit thickness of 500 to 1000 μm. The potential of this technique for on-line monitoring of fouling and cleaning processes in liquid environments is demonstrated by preliminary studies of alkali (NaOH) cleaning of whey protein deposits from stainless steel surfaces.



On decrit dans cet article la mise au point d'une nouvelle technique de jaugeage de proximite pour des depots mous, exploitant un effet siphon. Cette technique sans contact a la capacite de mesurer l'epaisseur de depots mous sur une surface in situ et en temps reel. Un modele de performance theorique a ete developpe et sa validite est demontree par des experiences de calibration. Des mesures d'epaisseur locales de depots mous tels que des depots de proteines de petit-lait, du beurre de supermarche et de la mousse collante sur des surfaces metalliques ont une precision de ±20 μm pour une epaisseur de depot de 500 a 1000 μm. Le potentiel de cette technique pour la surveillance en continu des precedes de refoulement et de nettoyage dans des environ-nements liquides est demontre par des etudes prelim-inaires de nettoyage a la soude (NaOH) de depots de proteines de petit-lait sur des surfaces d'acier inoxydable.

William R. Paterson

Papers

A replacement for the logarithmic mean

The effect of Reynolds number and fluid temperature in whey protein fouling

The measurement of insoluble proteins using a modified Bradford assay

Development of a novel non-contact proximity gauge for thickness measurement of soft deposits and its application in fouling studies

A reaction engineering approach to the analysis of fouling