A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin

Cytochrome oxidase: an endogenous metabolic marker for neuronal activity.

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to characterize the principal mechanisms of the protective role of GSH against reactive species and electrophiles. The ancillary goals are to provide up-to-date knowledge of GSH biosynthesis, hydrolysis, and utilization; intracellular compartmentalization and interorgan transfer; elimination of endogenously produced toxicants; involvement in metal homeostasis; glutathione-related enzymes and their regulation; glutathionylation of sulfhydryls. Individual sections are devoted to the relationships between GSH homeostasis and pathologies as well as to developed research tools and pharmacological approaches to manipulating GSH levels. Special attention is paid to compounds mainly of a natural origin (phytochemicals) which affect GSH-related processes. The paper provides starting points for development of novel tools and provides a hypothesis for investigation of the physiology and biochemistry of glutathione with a focus on human and animal health.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/736837.pdf

Glutathione Homeostasis and Functions: Potential Targets forMedical Interventions

Mitochondria are the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most of them originating from the mitochondrial respiratory chain Among the arsenal of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes existing in mitochondria, mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) emerges as the main line of defense for the maintenance of the appropriate mitochondrial redox environment to avoid or repair oxidative modifications leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death mGSH importance is based not only on its abundance, but also on its versatility to counteract hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxides, or xenobiotics, mainly as a cofactor of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase or glutathione-S-transferase (GST) Many death-inducing stimuli interact with mitochondria, causing oxidative stress; in addition, numerous pathologies are characterized by a consistent decrease in mGSH levels, which may sensitize to additional insults From the evaluation of mGSH inf

/pdf/mitochondrial-glutathione-a-key-survival-antioxidant-pidl31w6ya.pdf

Mitochondrial glutathione, a key survival antioxidant.

Inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity.

Differential effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane fluidity as determined by electron spin resonance probes.

Serum lipid peroxides in rats treated chronically with adriamycin

Evaluation of tissue indicators of oxidative stress in rats treated chronically with adriamycin.

Characterization of iron-sulfur clusters in rat liver submitochondrial particles by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Alterations produced by chronic ethanol consumption

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0014-5793%2886%2980664-0

William S. Thayer

Papers

Differential effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane fluidity as determined by electron spin resonance probes.

Serum lipid peroxides in rats treated chronically with adriamycin

Evaluation of tissue indicators of oxidative stress in rats treated chronically with adriamycin.

Characterization of iron-sulfur clusters in rat liver submitochondrial particles by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Alterations produced by chronic ethanol consumption

Role of catalase in metabolism of hydrogen peroxide by the perfused rat heart