This paper addresses the scope for more integrated general analysis of diversity in science, technology and society. It proposes a framework recognizing three necessary but individually insufficient properties of diversity. Based on 10 quality criteria, it suggests a general quantitative non-parametric diversity heuristic. This allows the systematic exploration of diversity under different perspectives, including divergent conceptions of relevant attributes and contrasting weightings on different diversity properties. It is shown how this heuristic may be used to explore different possible trade-offs between diversity and other aspects of interest, including portfolio interactions. The resulting approach offers a way to be more systematic and transparent in the treatment of scientific and technological diversity in a range of fields, including conservation management, research governance, energy policy and sustainable innovation.

A General Framework for Analysing Diversity in Science, Technology and Society

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Citation Indexing Its Theory And Application In Science Technology And Humanities

A bibliometric based survey on AHP and TOPSIS methods has been conducted.Scopus database was employed to retrieve the required data for this analysis.Assessment of quantitative and qualitative bibliometric indicators was obtainable.Efficacy of these methods promotes the development of related research.More scientific research interests will be devoted to these methods in the future. In recent years, the employment of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques in solving complex real-world problems has increased exponentially. The willingness to build advanced decision models, with higher capabilities to support decision making in a wide range of applications, promotes the integration of MCDA techniques with efficient systems such as intelligence and expert systems, geographic information systems, etc. Amongst the most applied MCDA techniques are Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The development of a comprehensive perspective on research activities associated with the applications of these methods provides insights into the contributions of countries, institutes, authors and journals towards the advancements of these methods. Furthermore, it helps in identifying the status and trends of research. This in turn will help researchers in shaping up and improving future research activities and investments. To meet these aims, a bibliometric analysis based on data harvested from Scopus database was carried out to identify a set of bibliometric performance indicators (i.e. quantitative indicators such as productivity, and qualitative indicators such as citations and Hirsch index (h-index)). Additionally, bibliometric visualization maps were employed to identify the hot spots of research. The total research output was 10,188 documents for AHP and 2412 documents for TOPSIS. China took a leading position in AHP research (3513 documents; 34.5%). It was also the leading country in TOPSIS research (846 documents; 35.1%). The most collaborated country in AHP research was the United States, while in case of TOPSIS it was China. The United States had gained the highest h-index (78) in AHP research, while in TOPSIS it was Taiwan with h-index of 46. Expert Systems with Applications journal was the most productive journal in AHP (204; 2.0%) and TOPSIS research (125; 5.2%), simultaneously. University of Tehran, Iran and Islamic Azad University, Iran were the most productive institutions in AHP (173; 1.7%) and TOPSIS (115; 4.8%) research, simultaneously. The major hot topics that utilized AHP and will continue to be active include different applications of geographic information systems, risk modeling and supply chain management. While for TOPSIS, they are supply chain management and sustainability research. Overall, this analysis has shown increasing recognition of powerful of MCDA techniques to support strategic decisions. The efficacy of these methods in the previous context promotes their progress and advancements.

https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/bitstream/123456789/349/1/TOPSIS.pdf

A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques

The economic theory of regulation

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a prospective reliability analysis technique used in a wide range of industries for enhancing the safety and reliability of systems, products, processes, and services. However, the conventional FMEA method has been criticized for inherent drawbacks that limit effectiveness and applications. In this paper, a novel integrated FMEA model based on cloud model theory and hierarchical technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is developed to assess and rank the risk of failure modes. First, individual linguistic assessments of failure modes are converted into normal clouds. Then, FMEA team members’ weights are calculated based on the subjective weighting information. Finally, the risk priority of failure modes is determined by using the cloud hierarchical TOPSIS. The newly proposed FMEA method combines the advantages of the cloud model in coping with fuzziness and randomness of linguistic assessments and the merits of hierarchical TOPSIS in solving complex decision making problems. Two empirical examples to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA are presented together with a comparison to existing methods.

Improving Risk Evaluation in FMEA With Cloud Model and Hierarchical TOPSIS Method

We examined the time series properties of the foreign exchange market for 1990–2008 in relation to the history of the currency crises using the minimum spanning tree (MST) approach and made several meaningful observations about the MST of currencies. First, around currency crises, the mean correlation coefficient between currencies decreased whereas the normalized tree length increased. The mean correlation coefficient dropped dramatically passing through the Asian crisis and remained at the lowered level after that. Second, the Euro and the US dollar showed a strong negative correlation after 1997, implying that the prices of the two currencies moved in opposite directions. Third, we observed that Asian countries and Latin American countries moved away from the cluster center (USA) passing through the Asian crisis and Argentine crisis, respectively.

Currency crises and the evolution of foreign exchange market: Evidence from minimum spanning tree

Proposing a fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS based on E-S-QUAL for evaluating e-commerce.Utilizing fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS to reflect the hierarchical structure.Applying E-S-QUAL for assessing e-commerce website service quality effectively.Conducting the case study to understand in a better way the evaluation process.Conducting a validation test with other MCDM to verify the robustness of method. In the wake of the rapid emergence of e-commerce, its evaluation is of great theoretical and practical importance. Among the various types of e-commerce, business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce has become a key, and especially influential, retailing channel. Its ascendancy raises core issues with respect to how the customer is to be satisfied by, and therefore inclined to trust, e-commerce websites. B2C e-commerce website evaluation, therefore, is an important related issue. First, while a number of studies have studied B2C e-commerce website evaluation using various multiple-criteria-decision-making (MCDM) methods, they have focused only on the perceived service quality of B2C e-commerce websites. In fact, it is generally recognized that service quality is determined by the difference between the expected service level (which expectation is derived from information obtained before the service experience) and the actual, perceived service level; this concept, then, should be also be afforded due consideration in B2C e-commerce website evaluation. Second, among the various MCDM approaches, TOPSIS, which involves the consideration of both the positive-ideal solution (PIS) and the negative-ideal solution (NIS), is especially pertinent to the complex decision-making entailed in the evaluation of B2C e-commerce websites. Third, the human element of subjectivity in the evaluation of B2C e-commerce websites needs to be considered in order to enable modeling of real-life website-evaluation situations. Finally, the hierarchical structure of the evaluation criteria between the main dimensions and their sub-criteria should be considered. To reflect these issues, in this paper, we present a fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS based on E-SERVQUAL (E-S-QUAL). This approach effectively considers the raised issues and preserves the core concept of E-S-QUAL (the extended version of SERVQUAL) for measurement of electronic service quality in the e-commerce environment. The empirical case study of B2C e-commerce provides the researchers and practitioners to understand in a better way the evaluation process from a practical point of view. In addition, core finding of this study is that the comparison results with other MCDM methods further verify the robustness of the proposed approach. It implies that this method potentially can be applied to performance evaluation of similar service sectors.

Evaluation of e-commerce websites using fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS based on E-S-QUAL

We analyzed the impact of financial support system on technological innovation of small and medium manufacturing firms in Korea, with a special interest in technology guarantee system. This was done using a sample of 1,014 Korean manufacturing firms of which 43% were venture companies. Our study provides two important conclusions. First, the result of empirical analysis indicates that financial support systems have a significant influence on both product innovation and process innovation of SMEs in Korea. Second, a more important conclusion of this research is that technology guarantee system impacts on product innovation; however not on process innovation. This result implies that technology guarantee system attaches more importance to technological innovations related with product development than to those related with process enhancement.

The impact of financial support system on technology innovation: a case of technology guarantee system in korea

As the Korean government expands the budget for national research and development, the need for an institute that deliberates, coordinates, and operates research development and its budget has increased. In response to these demands, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was recently established. However, to achieve a creative economy, which is the economic system where value is based on novel imaginative qualities rather than the traditional resources of land, labor, and capital, more efficiently, fundamental research regarding the current state of the Korean national administration system of science and technology in Korea is required. Accordingly, this study first analyzes the function and organizational structure of the NSTC in Korea. Second, it investigates the current state of the NSTC in other countries. Finally, the study derives several implications for improving NSTC operation based on the benchmarking study and suggests an operational improvement plan for NSTC with respect to enhancement of function, operation of organization, human resource management, and improvement of the relationships between other departments. The study contributes to analyze the current state of the NSTC in Korea and science and technology (S&T) Councils in other major countries, systematically and in detail. In addition, based on benchmarking study, this study derived operational improvement of NSTC in Korea with four perspectives, including enhancement of function, operation of organization, human resource management, and improvement of the relationships between other departments.

https://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/5/4/82/pdf

Comparing National Innovation System among the USA, Japan, and Finland to Improve Korean Deliberation Organization for National Science and Technology Policy

With today’s technological advances and uncertainty, interdisciplinary research (IDR) is recognized as the core element for an advancement not only in academic realms but also in non-academic worlds. Conventionally, the concept of interdisciplinarity has been measured indirectly through using historical data and estimating how frequently the knowledge is exchanged among various disciplinary fields. However, they were incapable of determining whether a certain discipline may turn out to be a successful interdisciplinary research field in the future. This paper, in response, highlights the significance of data points appearing in the future for predicting the degree of interdisciplinarity in academic fields. To this mean, the future data points are predicted through a stochastic basis, and they are further used to predict the future degree of disciplinary convergence. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we have selected the case of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary academic field where diverse scientific and engineering disciplines merge with one another and contributes to various scientific development and social problem solving. In details, citation data of nanotechnology journals are gathered to estimate the expected citation frequency through a stochastic model, called Glanzel–Schubert–Schoepflin model, and its future potential of IDR is predicted through a diversity index. The result of the analysis predicted that the IDR of nanotechnology will be actively occurred with other disciplines such as chemistry, material science and energy in the future, and it also holds higher probability of being more frequently conducted compared to other field of studies.

Wooseok Jang

Papers

Currency crises and the evolution of foreign exchange market: Evidence from minimum spanning tree

Evaluation of e-commerce websites using fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS based on E-S-QUAL

The impact of financial support system on technology innovation: a case of technology guarantee system in korea

Comparing National Innovation System among the USA, Japan, and Finland to Improve Korean Deliberation Organization for National Science and Technology Policy

Predicting the degree of interdisciplinarity in academic fields: the case of nanotechnology