Objectives. We examined whether kindergarten teachers' ratings of children’s prosocial skills, an indicator of noncognitive ability at school entry, predict key adolescent and adult outcomes. Our goal was to determine unique associations over and above other important child, family, and contextual characteristics.Methods. Data came from the Fast Track study of low–socioeconomic status neighborhoods in 3 cities and 1 rural setting. We assessed associations between measured outcomes in kindergarten and outcomes 13 to 19 years later (1991–2000). Models included numerous control variables representing characteristics of the child, family, and context, enabling us to explore the unique contributions among predictors.Results. We found statistically significant associations between measured social-emotional skills in kindergarten and key young adult outcomes across multiple domains of education, employment, criminal activity, substance use, and mental health.Conclusions. A kindergarten measure of social-emotiona...

Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness

わが国における成人市中肺炎の原因微生物の変遷(Meta‐analysis and systematic review)

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological health and health service utilisation of older adults with multimorbidity, who are particularly vulnerable. Aim To describe changes in loneliness, mental health problems, and attendance to scheduled medical care before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and setting Telephone survey on a pre-existing cohort of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care. Method Mental health and health service utilisation outcomes were compared with the outcomes before the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong using paired t-tests, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, and McNemar’s test. Loneliness was measured by the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. The secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, and insomnia) were measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Appointments attendance data were extracted from a computerised medical record system. Sociodemographic factors associated with outcome changes were examined by linear regression and generalised estimating equations. Results Data were collected from 583 older (≥60 years) adults. There were significant increases in loneliness, anxiety, and insomnia, after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak. Missed medical appointments over a 3-month period increased from 16.5% 1 year ago to 22.0% after the onset of the outbreak. In adjusted analysis, being female, living alone, and having >4 chronic conditions were independently associated with increased loneliness. Females were more likely to have increased anxiety and insomnia. Conclusion Psychosocial health of older patients with multimorbidity markedly deteriorated and missed medical appointments substantially increased after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Impact of COVID-19 on loneliness, mental health, and health service utilisation: a prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care.

Objectives:To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders, derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate s that maximise cli

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

Background: Efficacy trials suggest that structured psychological therapies may significantly reduce recurrence rates of major mood episodes in individuals with bipolar disorders. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of treatment as usual with an additional 22 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Method: We undertook a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised controlled treatment trial (n = 253). Patients were assessed every 8 weeks for 18 months. Results: More than half of the patients had a recurrence by 18 months, with no significant differences between groups (hazard ratio = 1.05; 95% CI 0.74–1.50). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant interaction (P = 0.04) such that adjunctive CBT was significantly more effective than treatment as usual in those with fewer than 12 previous episodes, but less effective in those with more episodes. Conclusions: People with bipolar disorder and comparatively fewer previous mood episodes may benefit from CBT. However, such cases form the minority of those re...

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Severe and Recurrent Bipolar Disorders: Randomised Controlled Trial

While behavioral problems are the main reasons for adolescents to be referred to an emergency room for mental health problems, the management of such situations remain heterogenous, poorly standardized, and usually associated with a low level of patient and family satisfaction. So far, most attention has been paid to the treatment of agitation, and few insights have been provided on the treatment plan of behavioral problems once the crisis is over and a psychiatric or medical condition ruled out. This perspective article represents an attempt to incorporate multiple theoretical approaches to provide a comprehensive and operational model for the management of adolescents with behavioral problems in an emergency department. Short clinical vignettes illustrate the importance of considering several levels of analysis to understand the adolescent’s problematic behavior which can be seen as a symptom of a medical/psychiatric condition (medical model), as a maladaptive strategy in a context of vulnerability (developmental model), and finally as a mode of communication in a context of ill-adapted repetitive relational patterns (systemic model). As behavioral problems in adolescence are a complex issue, frequently involving the intervention of professionals from various disciplines, being aware of such different levels of understanding could help to preclude any role confusion and to provide better targeted interventions.

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Unmet Needs and Classical Pitfalls in the Management of Adolescents With Behavioral Problems in Emergency

Based on the specific experience of a tertiary university hospital in Paris, France, we propose a theoretical framework encompassing developmental, multidimensional, eco-systemic, and multifactorial perspectives for child and adolescent psychiatry. Consequently, a modern CAPD should be multidisciplinary and implemented in a large medical setting with close disciplines, should promote tailored and integrative treatment, should include some organizational aspects (e.g., tutoring), and should also be opened to cultural and school interventions. Finally, for complex cases, it should keep ambitious goals in terms of both clinical and functional recovery.

Debate: Developmental and integrative approaches in child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient facilities: the case of a tertiary university hospital in Paris

Relation Between Sensory Processing Difficulties and Feeding Problems in Youths with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Despite the high rate of somatic symptom disorder (TSS) in the pediatric population, etiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous studies conducted in youths with anxiety, eating disorder, or autistic disorder support a relation between difficulties in the perception of sensory signals (i.e., interoception) and difficulties in identifying emotions.A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University Hospital of Amiens-Picardie in 19 young people aged 9 to 17 hospitalized in the pediatric ward for TSS. A mental heartbeat tracking task was used to assess interoceptive accuracy, awareness and sensibility. The Porges Body Perception Questionnaire (PBPQ) was used to assess interoceptive attention. Other questionnaires were used to assess associated clinical dimensions such as depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation and alexithymia.The mean interoceptive accuracy score was lower in TSS subjects compared to expected scores in the general population (33% error vs. 20%). A statistically significant correlation was found between, on the one hand, interoceptive sensibility and the "avoidance" subscore of the ECAP (r=0.51) and, on the other hand, between interoceptive awareness and the total score of the Child Depression Inventory (r=0.51). A significant relationship was found between the PBPQ scale total score and the Children-Toronto Alexithymia Scale total score (r=0.42), in particular with the "difficulty expressing emotions" subscore (r=0.62).This study confirms that interoceptive difficulties occur in young patients with severe TSS. Our finding adds empirical evidence supporting the relations between interoceptive difficulties, alexithymia and somatic symptoms in children and adolescents. 

Spécificités intéroceptives chez les enfants et adolescents qui présentent un trouble à symptomatologie somatique : étude descriptive sur dix-neuf patients

Xavier Benarous

Papers

Unmet Needs and Classical Pitfalls in the Management of Adolescents With Behavioral Problems in Emergency

Debate: Developmental and integrative approaches in child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient facilities: the case of a tertiary university hospital in Paris

Relation Between Sensory Processing Difficulties and Feeding Problems in Youths with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Spécificités intéroceptives chez les enfants et adolescents qui présentent un trouble à symptomatologie somatique : étude descriptive sur dix-neuf patients

Trends in the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in children and adolescents in France between 2014 and 2018