Objectives. We examined whether kindergarten teachers' ratings of children’s prosocial skills, an indicator of noncognitive ability at school entry, predict key adolescent and adult outcomes. Our goal was to determine unique associations over and above other important child, family, and contextual characteristics.Methods. Data came from the Fast Track study of low–socioeconomic status neighborhoods in 3 cities and 1 rural setting. We assessed associations between measured outcomes in kindergarten and outcomes 13 to 19 years later (1991–2000). Models included numerous control variables representing characteristics of the child, family, and context, enabling us to explore the unique contributions among predictors.Results. We found statistically significant associations between measured social-emotional skills in kindergarten and key young adult outcomes across multiple domains of education, employment, criminal activity, substance use, and mental health.Conclusions. A kindergarten measure of social-emotiona...

Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness

わが国における成人市中肺炎の原因微生物の変遷(Meta‐analysis and systematic review)

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological health and health service utilisation of older adults with multimorbidity, who are particularly vulnerable. Aim To describe changes in loneliness, mental health problems, and attendance to scheduled medical care before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and setting Telephone survey on a pre-existing cohort of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care. Method Mental health and health service utilisation outcomes were compared with the outcomes before the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong using paired t-tests, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, and McNemar’s test. Loneliness was measured by the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. The secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, and insomnia) were measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Appointments attendance data were extracted from a computerised medical record system. Sociodemographic factors associated with outcome changes were examined by linear regression and generalised estimating equations. Results Data were collected from 583 older (≥60 years) adults. There were significant increases in loneliness, anxiety, and insomnia, after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak. Missed medical appointments over a 3-month period increased from 16.5% 1 year ago to 22.0% after the onset of the outbreak. In adjusted analysis, being female, living alone, and having >4 chronic conditions were independently associated with increased loneliness. Females were more likely to have increased anxiety and insomnia. Conclusion Psychosocial health of older patients with multimorbidity markedly deteriorated and missed medical appointments substantially increased after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Impact of COVID-19 on loneliness, mental health, and health service utilisation: a prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care.

Objectives:To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders, derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate s that maximise cli

The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders

Background: Efficacy trials suggest that structured psychological therapies may significantly reduce recurrence rates of major mood episodes in individuals with bipolar disorders. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of treatment as usual with an additional 22 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Method: We undertook a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised controlled treatment trial (n = 253). Patients were assessed every 8 weeks for 18 months. Results: More than half of the patients had a recurrence by 18 months, with no significant differences between groups (hazard ratio = 1.05; 95% CI 0.74–1.50). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant interaction (P = 0.04) such that adjunctive CBT was significantly more effective than treatment as usual in those with fewer than 12 previous episodes, but less effective in those with more episodes. Conclusions: People with bipolar disorder and comparatively fewer previous mood episodes may benefit from CBT. However, such cases form the minority of those re...

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Severe and Recurrent Bipolar Disorders: Randomised Controlled Trial

Objectives: While hospitalization is an essential aspect of the therapeutic strategy for adolescents with severe or treatment-refractory mood disorders, little is known about the outcome predictors...

Looking for the Good Timing: Predictors of Length of Stay and Therapeutic Outcomes in Adolescent Inpatients with Severe or Treatment-Refractory Mood Disorders.

Wiggins et al.1 recently used data from 3 longitudinal studies spanning preschool and early school children to form an empirically derived framework for early childhood disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (EC-DMDD), ie, a theoretical entity based on all DMDD criteria except the age at onset. The authors showed that the presence of EC-DMDD strongly predicted irritability-related syndromes at early school-ages. The most striking result is that virtually all youths with DMDD had chronic irritability in preschool years (>99%), a finding that challenges the view that DMDD cannot be diagnosed before 6 years of age. In our opinion, the developmental view on DMDD adopted by the authors is particularly welcome to address some of the nosological issues encountered with this disorder.

Navigating in Troubled Waters: The Developmental Roots of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in Youths with Chronic Anger and Aggression

Objectives: While long-lasting antipsychotics (LLA) were specifically developed to address the problem of adherence in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders, their role in pediatric populations is not clear. Methods: To document the efficacy, tolerance, and acceptance of LLAs in children and adolescents, a literature search was conducted using several databases for published studies (PubMed, PsycINFO) from January 1965 to December 2020. Twenty-two studies were identified (16 case reports/series, 3 open label studies, 2 controlled studies, and 1 retrospective analysis of national database). Results: Demographic features were widely heterogeneous across studies (total N = 480, 58% male, mean age = 15.0 ± 1.8). Case reports/series presented positive therapeutic outcomes in noncompliant youths with severe mental illness. Three open-label one-arm studies supported the clinical efficacy of risperidone long-acting injection in patients previously stabilized with oral risperidone. One study showed lower clinical symptoms and higher functioning at 12 months in youths treated for an acute psychotic episode with paliperidone palmitate compared to oral risperidone. The types and rates of side effects of LLA were comparable to those observed for oral antipsychotics. Two studies suggested better metabolic and neurological tolerance of LLA compared to an oral form. Preliminary evidence supported a satisfactory level of treatment satisfaction in patients treated with LLA and their families, while concerns were raised regarding practical administration in outpatient services. However, the average quality of the evidence based on the RoB2 tool was low. Conclusions: The level of evidence was low for the efficacy of LLA in pediatric populations and very low for the tolerance and acceptance. It concerned mostly the effect of risperidone long-acting injection in adolescents with psychotic disorders. Randomized maintenance clinical trials using noninferiority analysis would be more appropriate for further research.

Xavier Benarous

Papers

Looking for the Good Timing: Predictors of Length of Stay and Therapeutic Outcomes in Adolescent Inpatients with Severe or Treatment-Refractory Mood Disorders.

Navigating in Troubled Waters: The Developmental Roots of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in Youths with Chronic Anger and Aggression

Efficacy, Tolerability, and Acceptance of Long-Lasting Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Paternity leave uptake and parental post-partum depression: findings from the ELFE cohort study.