https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/21459/2/FullText.pdf

Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China

Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

CO 2 and SO 2, while having different environmental impacts, are both linked to the burning of fossil fuels. Research on joint patterns of CO 2 emissions and SO 2 emissions may provide useful information for decision-makers to reduce these emissions effectively. This study analyzes both CO 2 emissions and SO 2 emissions embodied in interprovincial trade in 2007 and 2010 using multi-regional input–output analysis. Backward and forward linkage analysis shows that Production and Supply of Electric Power and Steam, Non-metal Mineral Products, and Metal Smelting and Pressing are key sectors for mitigating SO 2 and CO 2 emissions along the national supply chain. The total SO 2 emissions and CO 2 emissions of these sectors accounted for 81% and 76% of the total national SO 2 emissions and CO 2 emissions, respectively.

Re-Examining Embodied SO 2 and CO 2 Emissions in China

A few epidemiological studies have examined whether there was an interactive effect between temperature and ambient particulate matter on cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality, but the results were inconsistent. The present study used three time-series approaches to explore whether maximum temperature modified the impact of ambient particulate matter less than 10 microm in diameter (PM(10)) on daily respiratory hospital admissions, cardiovascular hospital admissions, respiratory emergency visits, cardiovascular emergency visits, non-external cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Brisbane between 1996 and 2001. The analytical approaches included a bivariate response surface model, a non-stratification parametric model and a stratification parametric model. Results show that there existed a statistically significant interaction between PM(10) and temperature on most health outcomes at various lags. PM(10) exhibited more adverse health effects on warm days than cold days. The choice of the degree of freedom for smoothers to adjust for confounders and the selection of arbitrary cut-offs for temperature affected the interaction estimates to a certain extent, but did not change the overall conclusion. The results imply that it is important to control and reduce the emission of air particles in Brisbane, particularly when temperature increases.

Temperature Modifies the Health Effects of Particulate Matter in Brisbane, Australia

Association between air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China: A time-series analysis.

Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality and years of life lost in Nanjing, China.

There is increasing interest in quasi-experimental research to evaluate whether actions taken to improve air quality will benefit public health. We conducted a quasi-experimental study to evaluate inflammatory response to changes in air quality during the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympics in China. We repeatedly measured 8 biomarkers of systemic inflammation in 31 healthy adults and obtained hourly air pollutant concentrations from a nearby fixed-site monitoring station. We used linear mixed-effect models to examine the associations between air quality changes and blood biomarkers. Air pollutant concentrations decreased apparently during the Youth Olympics. Concomitantly, we observed significant decreases in levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) ligand and interleukin 1β (geometric means ratios were 0.45 and 0.24, respectively) from the pre-Olympic period to the intra-Olympic period. Afterwards, levels of C-reactive protein and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 increased significantly (geometric means ratios were 2.22 and 1.29, respectively) in the post-Olympic period. Fine particulate matter and ozone were significantly associated with soluble CD40 ligand, P-selectin, interleukin 1β, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Other pollutants showed positive but nonsignificant associations. Our study indicated that reduced air pollution, especially fine particulate matter and ozone, during the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympics was associated with alleviated systemic inflammation in healthy adults.

Associations Between Air Quality Changes and Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation During the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympics: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Objective
To explore the short-term effects of ambient PM10 pollution on mortality due to circulatory diseases, and to study the modifying effect of season on the association between ambient PM10 concentration and mortality in Nanjing.


Methods
Daily mortality, air pollution, and meteorological data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 in Nanjing were collected; Time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the associations between daily average concentration of inhalable particle (PM10) and mortality due to circulatory diseases; Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated; And stratified analysis was conducted to compare the mortality risks of circulatory diseases exposed to outdoor PM10 in warm season (May-October) with that in cool season (November-April).


Results
The mean daily average concentrations of PM10, NO2, and SO2 from 2009 to 2013 in Nanjing were 109.1, 51.5, and 35.4 μg/m3, respectively. During our study period, a total of 78 299 circulatory disease deaths were recorded. On average, there were approximately 43 circulatory disease deaths per day; and deaths due to cardiac diseases, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases were 19, 10 and 24 per day, respectively. After adjusting for the meteorological variables such as daily temperature, relative humidity and air pressure, a10 μg/m3 increment of PM10 was associated with the mortality on values of (OR) 1.002 4(95%CI: 1.000 1-1.004 8) for total circulatory diseases, 1.004 8 (95%CI: 1.001 3-1.008 3) for cardiac diseases, 1.007 3 (95% CI: 1.002 4-1.012 3) for ischemic heart disease and 1.000 5 (95% CI: 0.998 5-1.002 4) for cerebrovascular diseases, respectively. In summer season, the OR values of daily mortality for total circulatory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were 1.008 0(95%CI:1.003 9-1.012 2) and 1.005 7(95% CI:1.002 0-1.009 4), respectively, the corresponding OR values in cool season were 1.001 4(95% CI: 0.998 5-1.004 2) and 0.998 8 (95%CI:0.996 4-1.001 2), respectively; The effect estimates in warm season were higher than that in cool season.


Conclusion
The elevated levels of ambient PM10 were positively associated with the increase of mortality due to circulatory diseases, and season may modify the effects of outdoor PM10 pollution on mortality.


Key words: 
Air pollution; Particulate matter; Death; Circulatory diseases; Case-crossover

Xiaodong Chen

Papers

Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality and years of life lost in Nanjing, China.

Associations Between Air Quality Changes and Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation During the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympics: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

[Association between ambient inhalable particle pollution and mortality due to circulatory disease in Nanjing: a case-crossover study].