The determination of the intrinsic viscosity by single-point determinations, like that based on the Solomon–Ciuta equation, have been proposed as efficient alternatives to dilution procedures. With a basis on theoretical analysis and computer simulation, we evaluate the systematic and global bias of the Solomon–Ciuta result and show how it depends on the strength of the concentration dependence of the solution viscosity (represented by the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant) and the concentration of the single measured solution. We propose that an estimated Huggins constant can be employed in a corrected Solomon–Ciuta procedure, which may yield results for the intrinsic viscosity that are even more accurate than those from the Huggins extrapolation. This gives support and utility to the use of the single-point procedure when the intrinsic viscosity has to be determined for a unique concentration. We also pinpoint specific circumstances where the dilution–extrapolation procedures should be preferred.

http://leonardo.inf.um.es/macromol/publications/193CPS08.pdf

Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures

In order to ensure adequate mobility of zerovalent iron nanoparticles in natural aquifers, the use of a stabilizing agent is necessary. Polymers adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface will give rise to electrosteric stabilization and will decrease attachment to the surface soil grains. Water saturated sand-packed columns were used in this study to investigate the transport of iron nanoparticle suspensions, bare or modified with the green polymer guar gum. The suspensions were prepared at 154 mg/L particle concentration and 0.5 g/L polymer concentration. Transport experiments were conducted by varying the ionic strength, ionic composition, and approach velocity of the fluid. Nanoparticle deposition rates, attachment efficiencies, and travel distances were subsequently calculated based on the classical particle filtration theory. It was found that bare iron nanoparticles are basically immobile in sandy porous media. In contrast, guar gum is able to ensure significant nanoparticle transport at the tested conditions, regardless of the chemistry of the solution. Attachment efficiency values for guar gum-coated nanoparticles under the various conditions tested were smaller than 0.066. Although the calculated travel distances may not prove satisfactory for field application, the investigation attested the promising role of guar gum to ensure mobility of iron nanoparticles in the subsurface environment.

Enhanced transport of zerovalent iron nanoparticles in saturated porous media by guar gum

Current understanding of the mechanism of polysaccharide adsorption at the mineral/aqueous solution interface

Some physicochemical properties of sage (Salvia macrosiphon) seed gum

Pectin isolation and characterization from six okra genotypes

Intrinsic viscosities and Huggins constants of guar gum in alkali metal chloride solutions

https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/831/1.0081063/1

Xiaodong Ma

Papers

Intrinsic viscosities and Huggins constants of guar gum in alkali metal chloride solutions

Effect of alkali metal cations on adsorption of guar gum onto quartz

Role of background ions in guar gum adsorption on oxide minerals and kaolinite

The effect of lignosulfonates on the floatability of talc

Adsorption of guar gum onto quartz from dilute mixed electrolyte solutions.