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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

5G is envisioned to be a multi-service network supporting a wide range of verticals with a diverse set of performance and service requirements. Slicing a single physical network into multiple isolated logical networks has emerged as a key to realizing this vision. This article is meant to act as a survey, the first to the authors� knowledge, on this topic of prime interest. We begin by reviewing the state of the art in 5G network slicing and present a framework for bringing together and discussing existing work in a holistic manner. Using this framework, we evaluate the maturity of current proposals and identify a number of open research questions.

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Network Slicing in 5G: Survey and Challenges

Physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as a new concept and powerful alternative that can complement and may even replace encryption-based approaches, which entail many hurdles and practical problems for future wireless systems. The basic idea of PLS is to exploit the characteristics of the wireless channel and its impairments including noise, fading, interference, dispersion, diversity, etc. in order to ensure the ability of the intended user to successfully perform data decoding while preventing eavesdroppers from doing so. Thus, the main design goal of PLS is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper by using well-designed transmission schemes. In this survey, we propose a conceptual, generic, and expandable framework for classifying the existing PLS techniques against wireless passive eavesdropping. In this flexible framework, the security techniques that we comprehensively review in this treatise are divided into two primary approaches: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio-based approach and complexity-based approach. The first approach is classified into three major categories: first, secrecy channel codes-based schemes; second, security techniques based on channel adaptation; third, schemes based on injecting interfering artificial (noise/jamming) signals along with the transmitted information signals. The second approach (complexity-based), which is associated with the mechanisms of extracting secret sequences from the shared channel, is classified into two main categories based on which layer the secret sequence obtained by channel quantization is applied on. The techniques belonging to each one of these categories are divided and classified into three main signal domains: time, frequency and space. For each one of these domains, several examples are given and illustrated along with the review of the state-of-the-art security advances in each domain. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach alongside the lessons learned from existing research works are stated and discussed. The recent applications of PLS techniques to different emerging communication systems such as visible light communication, body area network, power line communication, Internet of Things, smart grid, mm-Wave, cognitive radio, vehicular ad-hoc network, unmanned aerial vehicle, ultra-wideband, device-to-device, radio-frequency identification, index modulation, and 5G non-orthogonal multiple access based-systems, are also reviewed and discussed. The paper is concluded with recommendations and future research directions for designing robust, efficient and strong security methods for current and future wireless systems.

Classifications and Applications of Physical Layer Security Techniques for Confidentiality: A Comprehensive Survey

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can help small-cell base stations (SBSs) offload traffic via wireless backhaul to improve coverage and increase rate. However, the capacity of backhaul is limited. In this paper, UAV assisted secure transmission for scalable videos in hyper-dense networks via caching is studied. In the proposed scheme, UAVs can act as SBSs to provide videos to mobile users in some small cells. To reduce the pressure of wireless backhaul, UAVs and SBSs are both equipped with caches to store videos at off-peak time. To facilitate UAVs, a single antenna is equipped at each UAV and thus, only the precoding matrices of SBSs should be cooperatively designed to manage interference by exploiting the principle of interference alignment. On the other hand, the SBSs replaced by UAVs will be idle. Thus, in order to guarantee secure transmission, the idle SBSs can be further exploited to generate jamming signal to disrupt eavesdropping. The jamming signal is zero-forced at the legitimate users through the precoding of the idle SBSs, without affecting the legitimate transmission. The feasibility conditions of the proposed scheme are derived, and the secrecy performance is analyzed. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Caching UAV Assisted Secure Transmission in Hyper-Dense Networks Based on Interference Alignment

New challenges in wireless and free space optical communications

This paper investigates a simple design of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) assisted multiple-input single-output nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink network. The aim of this paper is to maximize the rate of the strong user while guaranteeing the target rate of the weak user given by the optimized UAV horizontal position. We first optimize the location of IRS-UAV. Then we propose an iterative algorithm to optimize the transmit beamforming and phase shift of IRS alternatively. For the beamforming optimization, the closed-form expressions of the optimal beamforming vectors are derived. Then, given by the obtained beamforming, we propose two methods to obtain the optimal phase shifting of IRS. One is the semidefinite relaxation based iteration algorithm which provides high data rate and the other one is based on successive convex approximation technique which has low complexity. Finally, simulation results are provided to show that the performance of the two proposed algorithms are significantly better than using random phase shifting scenario and IRS based UAV-assisted orthogonal frequency-division multiple access scheme.

Joint Beamforming and Phase Shift Design in Downlink UAV Networks with IRS-Assisted NOMA

This paper focuses on the secure transmission of wireless-powered full-duplex (FD) relay systems, where a multiantenna source communicates with a single-antenna destination with the help of a FD relay in the presence of a single-antenna eavesdropper. It is assumed that the FD relay is wireless energy harvesting-enabled, adopting both transmit and receive antennas to harvest energy in a time switching (TS) mode. As the objective of this paper is to maximize the system secrecy rate through jointly designing the energy beamforming vector, the information beamforming vector and the TS coefficient, an optimization problem is formulated. The formulated problem is proved to be nonconvex and the challenge to solve which is to concurrently solve out the three variables. To cope with this difficulty, an iterative algorithm is proposed to convert the formulated optimization problem into three convex subproblems, based on which the closed form solutions for the beamforming vectors are derived and the TS coefficient is obtained. Convergence property of the iterative method is analyzed. Simulations are also done to verify the theoretical derivations in terms of the convergence speed and the secrecy rate. Results reveal that the secrecy rate performance of exploiting transmit antenna together with receive antenna for energy harvesting at the FD relay outperforms only receive antenna case. Moreover, although there exists loopback interference between antennas, the FD relaying can always substantially boost the secrecy rate compared with half-duplex relaying architecture.

Joint Beamforming and Time Switching Design for Secrecy Rate Maximization in Wireless-Powered FD Relay Systems

Future networks will be defined by software. In contrast to a wired network, the software defined wireless network (SDWN) experiences more challenges due to the fast-changing wireless channel environment. This article focuses on the state-of-the-art of SDWN architecture, including control plane virtualization strategies and semantic ontology for network resource description. In addition, a novel SDWN architecture with resource description function is proposed, along with two ontologies for the resource description of the latest wireless network. Future research directions for SDWN, control strategy design, and resource description are also addressed.

Network virtualization and resource description in software-defined wireless networks

An interference alignment (IA) transceiver design scheme for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) multicell multiuser wireless communication systems is proposed by minimizing the maximum mean square error (MSE) of the received symbols to improve fairness among users. The formulated Min-Max MSE optimization problem is not jointly convex on the transmit precoders and receive filters and, thus, is very difficult to solve directly. An iterative method is proposed to solve the optimization problem to get a suboptimal solution instead. Considering that if the receive filters are fixed, the Min-Max MSE problem can be reformulated as a second-order cone programming problem, and if the transmit precoders are fixed, the closed-form receive filters minimizing the receive MSE can be easily obtained, and the formulated Min-Max MSE problem is solved by alternatively optimizing the transmit precoders and the receive filters. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved, which shows its feasibility. Furthermore, a robust Min-Max MSE algorithm is proposed to counter the channel uncertainty. Simulation results show that the proposed Min-Max MSE algorithm can achieve IA when the antennas are configured to be strong IA proper and when the users in the network are of the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Analysis indicates that the proposed Min-Max IA transceiver design scheme can significantly improve user fairness with a possible cost of sum-rate reduction. Results also show that the proposed robust design algorithm provides better performance when lacking perfect channel state information (CSI).

Interference Alignment Transceiver Design by Minimizing the Maximum Mean Square Error for MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channel

In this paper, we propose a novel Cooperative Non-orthogonal Division Multiple Access (NOMA) based Visible Light Communication (VLC)/Radio Frequency (RF) system with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT). In the proposed system, the Near User (NU) not only receives information but also harvests the energy from the light signals emitted by LED. The harvested energy is then utilized by NU to forward the information to the Far User (FU) who cannot directly communicate with LED through RF channel. To support such cooperative multi-user transmission, NOMA is adopted. We analyze the outage performance of both NU and FU and discuss the impact of Power Splitting (PS) ratio on the performance. It was found through theoretical analysis and numerical results that one can trading off the outage performance of users through PS ratio. In addition, there exists the optimal design of PS ratio which can minimize the outage probability of users.

Xiaotian Zhou

Papers

Joint Beamforming and Phase Shift Design in Downlink UAV Networks with IRS-Assisted NOMA

Joint Beamforming and Time Switching Design for Secrecy Rate Maximization in Wireless-Powered FD Relay Systems

Network virtualization and resource description in software-defined wireless networks

Interference Alignment Transceiver Design by Minimizing the Maximum Mean Square Error for MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channel

Cooperative NOMA Based VLC/RF System with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer