다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

The size of the pupil has a large effect on visual function, and pupil size depends mainly on the adapting luminance, modulated by other factors. Over the last century, a number of formulas have been proposed to describe this dependence. Here we review seven published formulas and develop a new unified formula that incorporates the effects of luminance, size of the adapting field, age of the observer, and whether one or both eyes are adapted. We provide interactive demonstrations and software implementations of the unified formula.

A Unified Formula For Light-adapted Pupil Size

Aiming to solve the challenges of low detection accuracy, poor anti‐interference ability, and slow detection speed in the traditional tunnel lining defect detection methods, a novel deep learning‐based model, named You Only Look Once network v4 enhanced by EfficientNet and depthwise separable convolution (DSC; YOLOv4‐ED), is proposed. In the YOLOv4‐ED, EfficientNet is used as the backbone to improve the identification accuracy of indistinguishable defect targets in complex tunnel background and light conditions. Furthermore, DSC block is introduced to reduce the storage space of the model and thereby enhance the detection efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the mean average precision, F1 score, Model Size, and FPS of YOLOv4‐ED are 81.84%, 81.99%, 49.3 MB, and 43.5 f/s, respectively, which is superior to the comparison models in both detection accuracy and efficiency. Based on robust and cost‐effective YOLOv4‐ED, a tunnel lining defect detection platform (TLDDP) with the capacity of automated inspection of various lining defects (i.e., water leakage, crack, rebar‐exposed) is built. The established TLDDP can realize the high‐precision and automatic detection of multiple tunnel lining defects under different lighting and complex background conditions of the practical in‐service tunnel.

Automatic detection method of tunnel lining multi‐defects via an enhanced You Only Look Once network

Failure analysis and treatments of a loess tunnel being constructed in ground fissure area

Mechanical responses of closely spaced large span triple tunnels

Analyses of the defects in highway tunnels in China

Shield tunnel is widely adopted in the metro construction, and backfill grouting is the significant part. With power-law fluid grouts as the study object, a cylindrical infiltration diffusion model...

Displacement infiltration diffusion model of power-law grout as backfill grouting of a shield tunnel

Based on an actual engineering case, this study focused on the limit support pressure, instability mechanism, and instability failure mode of the excavation face in the sand pebble stratum...

Theoretical Analyses of the Stability of Excavation Face of Shield Tunnel in Lanzhou Metro Crossing beneath the Yellow River

Under the combined impacts of the operation time, design concept, and construction technology, extensive damage has occurred in tunnels built in China during the early stages of rapid development. ...

Damage management and safety evaluation for operating highway tunnels: a case study of Liupanshan tunnel

With the continuous improvement of the planning system for urban subway construction, shield tunnels are being more frequently constructed, and thus, the floating problem of shield tunnels in construction has been paid increasingly more attention. In view of this, in this paper, with the combination of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the problem of floating segments compressing the overburden in the deep shield tunnel is discussed. The influential factors of the pressure arch effect are analysed using numerical simulation, the compressive displacement of soil in the plastic zone is investigated in a focused manner based on the pressure arch effect, and the problem of floating segments that the Mindlin solution is applied to under the actions of distributed force and concentrated force is solved. The results show the following: (1) the displacement of the segment is composed of the shield tail gap, the compressive displacement of the soil, and the translational displacement of the soil; (2) the intensity of the pressure arch effect is interactively influenced by the thickness-diameter ratio and the soil properties; (3) the compressive displacement of the soil mass accounts for a larger proportion of floating segment-induced displacements; and (4) the perturbation influence calculation formula of the surrounding strata and the building structure is obtained based on the Mindlin solution.

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Xing Liang

Papers

Analyses of the defects in highway tunnels in China

Displacement infiltration diffusion model of power-law grout as backfill grouting of a shield tunnel

Theoretical Analyses of the Stability of Excavation Face of Shield Tunnel in Lanzhou Metro Crossing beneath the Yellow River

Damage management and safety evaluation for operating highway tunnels: a case study of Liupanshan tunnel

Analysis of the Compressibility Effect of Overburden in a Deep Shield Tunnel Based on the Effect of the Pressure Arch