The export changes of primary forest products in the United States and China from 2005 through 2012 were compared, and a constant market share model was applied to analyze the impact factors on the export variations of the two countries. The results showed that the decline of import scale and structural changes of the target markets had a negative impact on the wood products export of the two countries. The export variations of primary forest products in the two countries were significantly different. While a small increase in the export of primary forest products was demonstrated in the United States, China's export increased significantly, especially to the major export markets. The change in competitiveness of forest products exports during this time period differed in these two countries. The competitiveness of forest products from the United States remained stable with slight variation; however, the forest products exported by China showed a strong increasing competitive trend.

Comparative Analysis of Primary Forest Products Export in the United States and China Using a Constant Market Share Model

The increasing shortage of supply of large-diameter-class and high-quality natural forest resources is caused by the intensification of the crisis of forest resources and changes in the structure of forest resources. As a result, excellent and valuable tree species are expensive and then they are gradually replaced by a large number of low-quality fast-growing plantation wood. Wood dyeing technology can improve the decorative of fast-growing wood and add value to their products, and can achieve efficient use of resources of fast-growing plantations. In current wood dyeing industry, acid dyes have all long been used, however, dye uptake of acid dyes in wood dyeing is very low (generally less than 30%), about 70% to 80% of acid dyes cannot be used and then left in dyeing wastewater resulting in high chroma and difficult treatment of dyeing wastewater. At the same time, because acid dyes for wood staining depend on the intermolecular forces of smaller bond energy, when the external environment changes dyes easily lose not only affecting the application of dyed wood but also bringing about environmental pollution. So dyeing wood with acid dyestuffs can not meet environmental protection requirements. M-type reactive dyes containing 2 reactive groups with advantages of high fixation, low hydrolysis and environmental requirements were selected to dye fast-growing plantation wood. Dye uptakes of reactive dyes were all above 55%, which were significantly higher than the dye uptakes of acid dyes, thus the emission of dye in the dyeing wastewater could be reduced, and the objective of energy-saving and emission reduction could be achieved. Furthermore reactive dyes react with the chemical compositions of wood through reactive groups to form covalent bonds of larger bond energy and then to fix on the wood. And thus problems of dyeing depth and color fastness restricting current wood staining techniques with acid dyestuffs can be removed, moreover, the loss of dyes bringing about environmental pollution can be avoided in the process of late application (finishing and gluing) of dyed wood. Application of environmental-friendly M-type reactive dyes in wood dyeing technology can reduce a significant burden on the treatment of dyeing wastewater, not only bringing huge economic benefits to the enterprises, but also bringing enormous environmental benefits to society. In today's dyeing and printing industry of serious pollution, environmental-friendly M-type reactive dyes applied in wood dyeing industry will have great practical significance and social meaning.

Application and Outlook of Environment-Friendly Reactive Dyes in Wood Dyeing Industry

Shortage of wood and demand for high quality bamboo products necessitate study on pretreatment to improve properties of bamboo. The effects of Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF) resin on mechanical properties of bamboo were researched through orthogonal experiment. The influences of concentration, time and temperature in infiltrating process on compressive strength of bamboo are discussed. The results of experiment and analysis reveal that the concentration of MF resin and infiltrating time significantly influence on the compressive strength of bamboo, but the effect of the temperature on compressive strength is not significant. With increment of concentration, time and temperature, the infiltration is in a growing trend. Low concentration of MF resin solution results in less resistance to infiltration, the best concentration of infiltrator is not more than 10%. For longer infiltrating time, more MF resin may infiltrate into bamboo but more substances leach out from bamboo. The compressive strength of bamboo reached the maximum when the bamboo is infiltrated for two hours. The appropriate infiltrating temperature is at 80°C, in this case, MF resin solution is not too viscous, thus more resin may infiltrate into bamboo while less substances leach out from bamboo. For best mechanical properties of MF resin modified bamboo, the optimal treatment process is to infiltrate the bamboo in not more than 10% MF resin solution for 2h at 80°C. Then the density and strength of bamboo are improved, the highest compressive strength reached 139.8 MPa.

http://dpi-proceedings.com/index.php/dtetr/article/download/11086/10636

Research on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Modified with Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin

Low carbon economy is rising at home and abroad as a new development model. Coping with the new situation of financial crisis and low carbon economy, forest product trade draws widespread concern in academic circles. This paper analyses the export trade of forest products by the grey relational analysis, the result shows that the changes of forest products export consistent with the added value of forest products, the paper proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the structure of exports of forest products, transforming export trade of forest products to a low carbon economy.

Study on the Influence of Low Carbon Economy to Export of the Forest Products

The straw from crops, as one of the raw materials for wood based composites, contributes to release the pressure caused by the shortage of wood resources. However, because of the wax layer on the surface of straw materials, problems appeared in manufacturing straw based composites with UF resin. The bonding strength of the board was too weak to meet the national standard. In this study, the straw based boards were produced by straw chips which were processed by grinder. During grinding, the wax layer was destroyed by mechanical forces. Free radicals content increased a lot through such process. The straw based board can be applied in place where the traditional wood based particleboard was widely used. The new development of straw based board has good physical and mechanical properties. When the amount of straw was less than 30%, the properties of the straw board can meet the national standard GB/T 4879.2-2003; when the amount of straw was less than 20%, it meets the national standard GB/T 4797.3-2003.

Influence of straw's amount on properties of particleboard

Developing China's wood industry can have many advantages for China. First of all, it will help improve the efficiency of wood utilization and save forest resources. It will also better( utilize) small diameter trees and forest residues for value-added products, use non-wood material( (agricultural fibers)) for composite products manufacturing to reduce the demand for wood fibers, (develop) new technology for using young plantation materials to replace logs from virgin forests, (promote) tree planting activities at the national level, improve the environment, reduce green-house (effects) and provide funds for sustainable forestry development. If some or all of these suggestions (are implemented), it would advance the development of the wood industry and promote sustainable development of forestry in China.

The Relationship between the Wood Industry and SustainableForestry Development in China

The authors analyzed the forest resources,market needs,and features of forest product industries in both of China and the USA and made a comparative analysis on the forest products trade between the two countries over the past 10 years. It was observed that China and the USA are important trade partners in forest products as well as with many other goods and services. An important conclusion was that there are comparative advantages in forestry between the two countries that are extremely complementary. The future trend is that China will continue to export low to middle end products to the USA and,in return,import primarily logs and lumber to meet China's needs. Suggestions to promote a healthy forest products trade between the two countries were also given.

Xiong Man-zhen

Papers

The Relationship between the Wood Industry and SustainableForestry Development in China

Features and Trends of the Forest Products Trade between China and USA