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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Manufacturing and measurement of freeform optics

Augmented reality applications in design and manufacturing

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods

The angular momentum of light can be described by positions on a higher-order Poincare sphere, where superpositions of spin and orbital angular momentum states give rise to laser beams that have many applications, from microscopy to materials processing. Many techniques exist to create such beams but none so far allow their creation at the source. Here we report on a new class of laser that is able to generate all states on the higher-order Poincare sphere. We exploit geometric phase control inside a laser cavity to map polarization to orbital angular momentum, demonstrating that the orbital angular momentum degeneracy of a standard laser cavity may be broken, producing pure orbital angular momentum beams, and that generalized vector vortex beams may be created with high purity at the source. This work paves the way to new lasers for structured light based on intracavity geometric phase control. By exploiting geometric phase control inside a laser cavity to map polarization to orbital angular momentum, a new class of laser that is able to generate all states on the higher-order Poincare sphere is reported.

Controlled generation of higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from a laser

Light flux from LED must be redistributed to meet the needs of lighting in most cases, a new method is proposed for its secondary optic design. Based on refractive equation and energy conservation, a set of first-order partial differential equations which represent the characters of LED source and desired illumination were presented. The freeform lens was constructed by solving these equations numerically. The numerical results showed that we can get a freeform lens for the illumination of uniformity near to 90%, with considerable high computation speed. This method can shorten the designing time of the freeform lens with high accepted tolerance.

http://mitros.sweb.cz/fyzika/Freeform%20LED%20lens%20for%20uniform%20illumination,%20Ding%20Yi.pdf

Freeform LED lens for uniform illumination

The size of the dark focal spot directly determines the resolution and stability of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. This paper investigates the relationship between the size of the dark focal spot and the polarization of the input light beam. The types of fundamental polarization are discussed, their effects on the dark focal spot are compared and the optimized mode for each kind of polarization is proposed. The results of the analysis provide the theoretical basis and reference for designing a STED system.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8978/12/11/115707/pdf

Effects of polarization on the de-excitation dark focal spot in STED microscopy

We demonstrate that a sharper focal spot area can be generated (0147λ2) by using an azimuthally polarized beam propagating through a vortex 0–2π phase plate than for radial polarization (017λ2) or for linear polarization (026λ2) under the same condition Further research illustrates that such optimistic results can still be expected when condition limitations are liberalized This will facilitate new approaches to get superresolution in confocal systems

Phase encoding for sharper focus of the azimuthally polarized beam.

We experimentally demonstrated that the microsphere can discern the details of the object whose sizes are below the conventional diffractive limit and such super-resolution capability can be reinforced if semi-immersing the corresponding microspheres in liquid droplet, producing a sharper contrast and a comparatively smaller magnification factor. The microsphere is considered as a channel that connects the near-field evanescent wave and the transmission one in far field. A conjecture based on this is proposed to explain the mechanism of super-resolution and the corresponding phenomenon.

Microsphere based microscope with optical super-resolution capability

We propose an approach to deal with the problem of freeform surface illumination design without assuming any symmetry based on the concept that this problem is similar to the problem of optimal mass transport. With this approach, the freeform design is converted into a nonlinear boundary problem for the elliptic Monge-Ampere equation. The theory and numerical method are given for solving this boundary problem. Experimental results show the feasibility of this approach in tackling this freeform design problem.

Xu Liu

Papers

Freeform LED lens for uniform illumination

Effects of polarization on the de-excitation dark focal spot in STED microscopy

Phase encoding for sharper focus of the azimuthally polarized beam.

Microsphere based microscope with optical super-resolution capability

Freeform illumination design: a nonlinear boundary problem for the elliptic Monge–Ampére equation