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Fundamental Concepts In The Design Of Experiments

A kinetic energy-based failure criterion for defining slope stability by PFEM strength reduction

Macrophages are the only inflammatory cells that can penetrate the closed nucleus pulposus and their polarization plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). This paper attempted to investigate the pathogenesis of IVDD by altering the polarization state of macrophages.

Effect of regulating macrophage polarization phenotype on intervertebral disc degeneration

Floods occur frequently in Romania and throughout the world and are one of the most devastating natural disasters that impact people's lives. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential damages, an accurate identification of surfaces susceptible to flood phenomena is mandatory. In this regard, the quantitative calculation of flood susceptibility has become a very popular practice in the scientific research. With the development of modern computerized methods such as geographic information system and machine learning models, and as a result of the possibility of combining them, the determination of areas susceptible to floods has become increasingly accurate, and the algorithms used are increasingly varied. Some of the most used and highly accurate machine learning algorithms are the decision tree models. Therefore, in the present study focusing on flood susceptibility zonation mapping in the Trotus River basin, the following algorithms were applied: forest by penalizing attribute-weights of evidence (forest-PA-WOE), best first decision tree-WOE, alternating decision tree-WOE, and logistic regression-WOE. The best performant, characterized by a maximum accuracy of 0.981, proved to be forest-PA-WOE, whereas in terms of flood exposure, an area of over 16.22% of the Trotus basin is exposed to high and very high floods susceptibility. The performances applied models in the present work are higher than the models applied in the previous studies in the same study area. Moreover, it should be noted that the accuracy of the models is similar with the accuracies of the decision tree models achieved in the studies focused on other areas across the world. Therefore, we can state that the models applied in the present research can be successfully used in by the researchers in other case studies. The findings of this research may substantially map the flood risk areas and further aid watershed managers in limiting and remediating flood damage in the data-scarce regions. Moreover, the results of this study can be a very useful for the hazard management and planning authorities.

Flood hazard potential evaluation using decision tree state-of-the-art models.

Newborn infants, mainly those born prematurely, often require respiratory support with a varying concentration of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO$_{\mathbf {2}}$) to keep the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO$_{\mathbf {2}}$) within the desired range to prevent adverse health effects due to both high and low SpO$_{\mathbf {2}}$. Manual adjustment, by nurses, is the common practice. However, the efficacy of the manual control is questionable. A novel automatic controller is evaluated clinically with application to one human subject at a high target SpO$_{\mathbf {2}}$. The automatic controller demonstrated the ability to improve oxygen saturation control over the everyday routine manual control by increasing the proportion of time where SpO$_{\mathbf {2}}\textbf{v}$alues were within the desired range.

Comparison of Automated and Manual Peripheral Oxygen Saturation Control Applied to One Human Subject at a High Target Range

Centrifuge modeling of multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with different row spacings

For premature infants, the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) level has significant effects on their health. Manual control of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) by nursing staff is not only a highly labor intensive solution, but also a hard task to maintain infants’ SpO 2 within the safe range. For this clinical need, an automated oxygen control system for premature infants is developed, which is based on PI control and derivative feedback (DF) control. Clinical tests showed that, when there is either a manual-automatic mode switch and tube feeding, integral windup may occur which will lead to the degradation of control performance. To overcome this problem, an anti-windup control strategy is developed. Due to blood oxygen desaturations caused by unknown disturbances, a disturbance observer is adopted with the disturbance estimate used for disturbance rejection. According to the results of dynamic simulations, the controller with anti-windup and disturbance rejection design has the best performance among all controllers, it could achieve bumpless transfer during mode switching, decrease FiO 2 in a timely manner when feeding is finished, and can shorten the recovery time from desaturation events and after feeding. This controller could minimize the time that SpO 2 is outside the safe range, which is promising for clinical application.

Anti-Windup and Disturbance Rejection Controller Design of an Automated Oxygen Control System for Premature Infants

Premature infants often require respiratory support with a varying concentration of the fraction of inspired oxygen FiO2 to keep the arterial oxygen saturation typically measured using a peripheral sensor (SpO2) within the desired range to avoid both hypoxia and hyperoxia. The widespread practice for controlling the fraction of inspired oxygen is by manual adjustment. Automatic control of the oxygen to assist care providers is desired. A novel closed-loop respiratory support device with dynamic adaptability is evaluated nonclinically by using a neonatal respiratory response model. The device demonstrated the ability to improve oxygen saturation control over manual control by increasing the proportion of time where SpO2 is within the desired range while minimizing the episodes and periods where SpO2 of the neonatal respiratory model is out of the target range.

Xuefeng Hou

Papers

Centrifuge modeling of multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with different row spacings

Effect of regulating macrophage polarization phenotype on intervertebral disc degeneration

Anti-Windup and Disturbance Rejection Controller Design of an Automated Oxygen Control System for Premature Infants

Engineering Evaluation of the Performance of an Automatic Peripheral Oxygen Controller Using a Neonatal Respiratory Model

Comparison of Automated and Manual Peripheral Oxygen Saturation Control Applied to One Human Subject at a High Target Range