Short protocols in molecular biology

Über die Adsorption in Lösungen

Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to host defence against many pathogenic microorganisms and also underlies a large burden of human disease. Thus, the mechanisms and regulation of signalling by TLRs are of considerable interest. In this Review, we discuss the molecular basis for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the nature of the protein complexes that mediate signalling, and the way in which signals are regulated and integrated at the level of allosteric assembly, post-translational modification and subcellular trafficking of the components of the signalling complexes. These fundamental molecular mechanisms determine whether the signalling output leads to a protective immune response or to serious pathologies such as sepsis. A detailed understanding of these processes at the molecular level provides a rational framework for the development of new drugs that can specifically target pathological rather than protective signalling in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.

Assembly and localization of Toll-like receptor signalling complexes

The genus Stenotrophomonas comprises at least eight species. These bacteria are found throughout the environment, particularly in close association with plants. Strains of the most predominant species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, have an extraordinary range of activities that include beneficial effects for plant growth and health, the breakdown of natural and man-made pollutants that are central to bioremediation and phytoremediation strategies and the production of biomolecules of economic value, as well as detrimental effects, such as multidrug resistance, in human pathogenic strains. Here, we discuss the versatility of the bacteria in the genus Stenotrophomonas and the insight that comparative genomic analysis of clinical and endophytic isolates of S. maltophilia has brought to our understanding of the adaptation of this genus to various niches.

/pdf/the-versatility-and-adaptation-of-bacteria-from-the-genus-1q7g5jdlbd.pdf

The versatility and adaptation of bacteria from the genus Stenotrophomonas

Biocatalysis has found numerous applications in various fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. The use of enzymes in organic synthesis, especially to make chiral compounds for pharmaceuticals as well for the flavors and fragrance industry, are the most prominent examples. In addition, biocatalysts are used on a large scale to make specialty and even bulk chemicals. This review intends to give illustrative examples in this field with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes. It also discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.

/pdf/biocatalysis-enzymatic-synthesis-for-industrial-applications-ldqm2uv3af.pdf

Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications

[NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases for synthesis of chiral amines by asymmetric reductive amination of ketones].

Effects of fungal agents and biochar on odor emissions and microbial community dynamics during in-situ treatment of food waste.

Preparation of cross-linked cell aggregates (CLCAs) of recombinant E. coli harboring glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for efficient asymmetric synthesis of L-phosphinothricin

Ya-Ping Xue

Papers

[NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases for synthesis of chiral amines by asymmetric reductive amination of ketones].

Effects of fungal agents and biochar on odor emissions and microbial community dynamics during in-situ treatment of food waste.

Preparation of cross-linked cell aggregates (CLCAs) of recombinant E. coli harboring glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for efficient asymmetric synthesis of L-phosphinothricin

Expression of l-phosphinothricin synthesis enzymes in Pichia pastoris for synthesis of l-phosphinothricin

Engineering of a nitrilase through consensus sequence analysis and conserved site substitution to improve its thermostability and activity