저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 ii급 부정교합자의 비교 연구

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.

QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives

The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between a standard course in quantum field theory and recent fascinating developments in the studies of on-shell scattering amplitudes We build up the subject from basic quantum field theory, starting with Feynman rules for simple processes in Yukawa theory and QED The material covered includes spinor helicity formalism, on-shell recursion relations, superamplitudes and their symmetries, twistors and momentum twistors, loops and integrands, Grassmannians, polytopes, and amplitudes in perturbative supergravity as well as 3d Chern-Simons-matter theories Multiple examples and exercises are included

Scattering Amplitudes

Over the last year significant progress was made in the understanding of the computation of Feynman integrals using differential equations (DE). These lectures give a review of these developments, while not assuming any prior knowledge of the subject. After an introduction to DE for Feynman integrals, we point out how they can be simplified using algorithms available in the mathematical literature. We discuss how this is related to a recent conjecture for a canonical form of the equations. We also discuss a complementary approach that is based on properties of the space–time loop integrands, and explain how the ideas of leading singularities and d-log representations can be used to find an optimal basis for the DE. Finally, as an application of these ideas we show how single-scale integrals can be bootstrapped using the Drinfeld associator of a DE.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1751-8113/48/15/153001/pdf

Lectures on differential equations for Feynman integrals

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Using Algebraic Geometry

We present a method for the computation of hepta-cuts of two loop scattering amplitudes. Four dimensional unitarity cuts are used to factorise the integrand onto the product of six tree-level amplitudes evaluated at complex momentum values. Using Gram matrix constraints we derive a general parameterisation of the integrand which can be computed using polynomial fitting techniques. The resulting expression is further reduced to master integrals using conventional integration by parts methods. We consider both planar and non-planar topologies for 2 → 2 scattering processes and apply the method to compute hepta-cut contributions to gluon-gluon scattering in Yang-Mills theory with adjoint fermions and scalars.

Hepta-cuts of two-loop scattering amplitudes

We compute the planar part of the two-loop five gluon amplitude with all helicities positive. To perform the calculation we develop a D-dimensional generalized unitarity procedure allowing us to reconstruct the amplitude by cutting into products of six-dimensional trees. We find a compact form for the integrand which only requires topologies with six or more propagators. We perform cross checks of the universal infra-red structure using numerical integration techniques.

A two-loop five-gluon helicity amplitude in QCD

We present an algorithm for the integrand-level reduction of multi-loop amplitudes of renormalizable field theories, based on computational algebraic geometry. This algorithm uses (1) the Grobner basis method to determine the basis for integrand-level reduction, (2) the primary decomposition of an ideal to classify all inequivalent solutions of unitarity cuts. The resulting basis and cut solutions can be used to reconstruct the integrand from unitarity cuts, via polynomial fitting techniques. The basis determination part of the algorithm has been implemented in the Mathematica package, BasisDet. The primary decomposition part can be readily carried out by algebraic geometry softwares, with the output of the package BasisDet. The algorithm works in both D = 4 and D = 4 − 2ϵ dimensions, and we present some two and three-loop examples of applications of this algorithm.

Integrand-level reduction of loop amplitudes by computational algebraic geometry methods

A Two-Loop Five-Gluon Helicity Amplitude in QCD

We present an algorithm for the integrand-level reduction of multi-loop amplitudes of renormalizable field theories, based on computational algebraic geometry. This algorithm uses (1) the Gr\"obner basis method to determine the basis for integrand-level reduction, (2) the primary decomposition of an ideal to classify all inequivalent solutions of unitarity cuts. The resulting basis and cut solutions can be used to reconstruct the integrand from unitarity cuts, via polynomial fitting techniques. The basis determination part of the algorithm has been implemented in the Mathematica package, BasisDet. The primary decomposition part can be readily carried out by algebraic geometry softwares, with the output of the package BasisDet. The algorithm works in both D=4 and $D=4-2\epsilon$ dimensions, and we present some two and three-loop examples of applications of this algorithm.

Yang Zhang

Papers

Hepta-cuts of two-loop scattering amplitudes

A two-loop five-gluon helicity amplitude in QCD

Integrand-level reduction of loop amplitudes by computational algebraic geometry methods

A Two-Loop Five-Gluon Helicity Amplitude in QCD

Integrand-Level Reduction of Loop Amplitudes by Computational Algebraic Geometry Methods