IgA mediates microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosa Within the gut, IgA acts in a context-dependent manner to both prevent and promote bacterial colonization and to influence bacterial gene expression, thus providing exquisite control of the microbiota IgA-microbiota interactions are highly diverse across individuals and populations, yet the factors driving this variation remain poorly understood In this Review, we summarize evidence for the host, bacterial and environmental factors that influence IgA-microbiota interactions Recent advances have helped to clarify the antigenic specificity and immune selection of intestinal IgA and have highlighted the importance of microbial glycan recognition Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that diet and nutrition play an important role in shaping IgA recognition of the microbiota IgA-microbiota interactions are disrupted during both overnutrition and undernutrition and may be altered dynamically in response to diet, with potential implications for host health We situate this research in the context of outstanding questions and future directions in order to better understand the fascinating paradigm of IgA-microbiota homeostasis

Diversity and dynamism of IgA-microbiota interactions.

Epidemiological surveys indicate that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing rapidly with the continuous growth of the economy. A large number of studies have investigated the relationship between the genetic factors related to the susceptibility to IBD and the gut microbiota of patients by using high-throughput sequencing. IBD is considered the outcome of the interaction between host and microorganisms, including intestinal microbial factors, abnormal immune response, and a damaged intestinal mucosal barrier. The imbalance of microbial homeostasis leads to the colonization and invasion of opportunistic pathogens in the gut, which increases the risk of the host immune response and promotes the development of IBD. It is critical to identify the specific pathogens related to the pathogenesis of IBD. An in-depth understanding of various pathogenic factors is of great significance for the early detection of IBD. This review highlights the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD and provides a theoretical basis for the personalized approaches that modulate the gut microbiota to treat IBD.

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The Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Microbiota-antibody interactions that regulate gut homeostasis

Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a complex chronic disorder with no clear aetiology and no known cure. Despite recent advances in overall disease management and improved therapeutics, patients with IBD still experience a substantial burden. Furthermore, as the incidence continues to increase in developing areas of the world, it is expected that the burden of IBD to society will increase and exert tremendous pressure on health care systems worldwide. Therefore, new strategies to prevent the global increase of IBD are urgently required. Data are being progressively acquired on the period preceding disease diagnosis, which support the concept that IBD has a preclinical period that may reveal the triggers of disease and may be amenable to early intervention. Having a better knowledge of this preclinical period will increase the potential not only for improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and improved therapeutics, but also for disease prediction and prevention.

/pdf/results-of-the-seventh-scientific-workshop-of-ecco-precision-2qxxbjprk3.pdf

Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision Medicine in IBD-Prediction and Prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The gut microbiome is a major determinant of host health, yet it is only in the last 2 decades that the advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled it to be studied at a genomic level. Shotgun sequencing is beginning to provide insight into the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic and viral components of the gut community, revealing not just their taxonomy, but also the functions encoded by their collective metagenome. This revolution in understanding is being driven by continued development of sequencing technologies and in consequence necessitates reciprocal development of computational approaches that can adapt to the evolving nature of sequence datasets. In this review, we provide an overview of current bioinformatic strategies for handling metagenomic sequence data and discuss their strengths and limitations. We then go on to discuss key technological developments that have the potential to once again revolutionise the way we are able to view and hence understand the microbiome.

/pdf/metagenomics-a-path-to-understanding-the-gut-microbiome-3xmt33lqgz.pdf

Metagenomics: a path to understanding the gut microbiome.

Immunoglobulin A Targets a Unique Subset of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

708 immunoglobulin a coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

Yaro Laenen

Papers

Immunoglobulin A Targets a Unique Subset of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

708 immunoglobulin a coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease