Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is rising exponentially and creates a severe threat to security. Generally, the DDoS attack may appear uncomplicated but they are hard to prevent and considered as one of the most significant cybersecurity issues. Hence, addressing against DDoS attacks turns out to be imperative. The major goal of this paper involves the optimal detection of data samples as normal data samples and malicious/attacked data samples. This paper proposes a security algorithm against DDoS attacks by employing four significant phases namely the Database training phase, Data pre-processing phase, Feature selection phase and Classification phase. Initially, the data samples are to be trained before using it for attack detection. Later, the sample group is created for every file and the data samples are pre-processed in the data pre-processing phase. Secondly, in feature selection phase, the selected features are optimized by employing kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to obtain optimal features. Later, in the classification phase, a support vector machine-based discrete elephant herding optimization (SVM-DEHO) classifier is utilized to detect the data sample as normal data and attacked or malicious data. Finally, the proposed approach is examined for four different databases namely NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, ISCX ID and CIC-IDS2017 databases respectively. The experimental analyses are performed for various simulation metrics and the outcome reveals that the detection system performances are high using SVM-DEHO approach than other approaches. 

An efficient SVM based DEHO classifier to detect DDoS attack in cloud computing environment

Being the center of commotion in recent times, Blockchain Technology is on its way to bloom in the technological world. With countless applications, even governments and health facilities are adopting blockchain technology into their applications because of the reliability and security it is supposed to provide. Not to mention how it bought about revolution in currency by making it possible for crypto-currency to exist as introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in his ground-breaking paper. Unfortunately like every other technology in existence, blockchain is also potentially vulnerable no matter how secure it was meant to be designed. We will take a look at such potential threats to the blockchain technology in this paper, from seemingly human factors to some technical aspects that are not too deep to understand for anyone. We will also discuss about the possible remedies to the explored threats to the blockchain technology.

Exploring Security Threats on Blockchain Technology along with possible Remedies

Vehicles communicate with nearby vehicles to share high routing and traffic information in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) environment. Congestion and Delay in the transmission may occur due to the density of the nodes in the network. Traffic condition depends on the vehicles in Rural and Urban environment. Increase or Decrease in vehicle’s speed makes significant network changes when compared to the MANET environment. Road Side Terminals (RSTs) plays a major role in bridging the connection between the sender and the receiver nodes. The traditional AODV algorithm performs better when there are shortest path and link lifetime between the nodes in VANET. Giving 3 Level Preference to the nodes as High Preference (HP), Average Preference (AP) and Less Preference (LP) gives chances to nodes that have High Preference when compared to Less Preference. CPAODV model is proposed by implementing Classifying and giving preference to the RREQ to mitigate latency to the nodes. RST sends RREQ wisely based on the early model of Route Discovery stage itself. NS2 Simulator is used to analyze the strength of the proposed algorithm using QoS metrics like Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and End to End delay. This proposed CPAODV method performs better when compared to traditional AODV and CBAODV algorithm.

CPAODV: Classifying and Assigning 3 Level Preference to the Nodes in VANET Using AODV Based CBAODV Algorithm

Blockchain is a game-changing technology that has the ability to solve plenty of real-world issues in the digital age. Blockchain is a subject of huge interest in many industries and academia in terms of discovering technology and classifying challenges and innovative practical application for the industry. This study addresses the challenges that are of main concern in designing a Blockchain platform. In this regard, the problems such as privacy, regulation, security, lack of adequate skill sets, energy consumption, inefficient technology design, the criminal connection, scalability, energy consumption, and public view are discovered to be important. Due to such challenges, the blockchain technologies have emitted a negative impression due to its incapability to be successfully applied while, at the same time, its benefits could not be fully gained by its investors. The objective of this study, hence, is to assess the blockchain advantages and growth in light of the eight foundations for economic development as advocated by Ibn Khaldun. Expending Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy, each challenge is deliberated and investigated to find the answers and solutions for addressing and overcoming the afore-mentioned challenges.

A conceptual foundation for blockchain development: the contribution of Ibn Khaldun

AbstractHard copies of documents can easily be forged, resulting in the decrease of credibility of issuing institutions and unfair use of forged documents by certain individuals as well. The model that we propose aims to authenticate documents through the use of blockchain technology, non-fungible tokens, and interplanetary file system. When a document is stored on the blockchain, a non-fungible token is created, which contains the unique address of the issuing institution and the hash of the document itself. The ownership of this token is then transferred to the document holder by the corresponding issuing authority. In this way, when someone wants to verify the authenticity of the document, they can use the address mentioned in the token to trace back the creator. If the document’s hash differs from the one stored in the token, we know that the document has been altered. Even when unauthorized users are successful in adding the forged documents to the blockchain, they will not have the same unique signature as that of the authorized institution. The proposed model allows autonomous authentication of documents using public blockchain technology.KeywordsNon-fungible token (NFT)Blockchain technologyInterplanetary file systemSmart contractsDocument forgery 

DAMBNFT: Document Authentication Model through Blockchain and Non-fungible Tokens

A Blockchain stores data into distributed manner which maintains a list of records that goes on increasing continuously that are secured from tampering and reformation. It includes data-structure blocks that may hold data or programs. Each block containing batches of individual transactions and the results of any blockchain executables. The blockchain makes trust due to an entire replica of the chain that shows every transaction, is held by the entire network. If someone tries to exploit the system, they can be quickly identified. Blockchain technology, ensures enhanced security and privacy for various application using consensus algorithms. Blockchain technology provides secure, reliable, better fault tolerance, faster and efficient operations against threats, like unauthorized access, data manipulation and discloser of sensitive information. This article presents an overview of this technology, like different types of blockchain, its components, some issues and challenges.

A Review on Blockchain Technology: Components, Issues and Challenges

Cloud is a novel platform providing on-demand services, web applications, network, server and storage. In spite of having problems associated with security and privacy, the cloud brings out a wide range of benefits. The distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack remains a security challenge in achieving a secure and guaranteed service and resources in cloud computing. The users have to face a problem regarding resources while having a DDoS attack. Therefore, it results in significant downtime and financial losses. Blockchain technology provides an enhanced security and privacy in many domains, like IoT, cloud, data mining and networking. It also provides a decentralized security framework, therefore, allowing sharing of attack information in a completely distributed and automated manner. Blockchain adds an additional layer of security and ensures that bad actors don’t take control of systems for their own ends in cloud environment. The system proposed here offers a solution to secure data on cloud environment built on blockchain technology that detects and prevents DDoS attack.

An Approach to Detect and Prevent Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using Blockchain Technology in Cloud Environment

An ad hoc network is a network that is composed of individual devices communicating with each other directly. It does not rely on a base station to coordinate the flow of messages to each node in the network, the individual network nodes forward packets to and from each other. As nodes can unreservedly freely in the network, ad-hoc network has the characteristic of dynamic topology. Due to this, link breakage happens frequently. To address this issue, various modifications have been done in the mostly used routing protocol, AODV. This paper explores some of the modified AODV routing protocol.

Yashi Choksi

Papers

A Review on Blockchain Technology: Components, Issues and Challenges

An Approach to Detect and Prevent Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using Blockchain Technology in Cloud Environment

AODV modification to address link breakage issue: A review