https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

Historically, natural products have been used since ancient times and in folklore for the treatment of many diseases and illnesses. Classical natural product chemistry methodologies enabled a vast array of bioactive secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine sources to be discovered. Many of these natural products have gone on to become current drug candidates. This brief review aims to highlight historically significant bioactive marine and terrestrial natural products, their use in folklore and dereplication techniques to rapidly facilitate their discovery. Furthermore a discussion of how natural product chemistry has resulted in the identification of many drug candidates; the application of advanced hyphenated spectroscopic techniques to aid in their discovery, the future of natural product chemistry and finally adopting metabolomic profiling and dereplication approaches for the comprehensive study of natural product extracts will be discussed.

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/265172/PMC3901206.pdf

A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery.

Marine sponges often contain diverse and abundant microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. In some cases, these microbial associates comprise as much as 40% of the sponge volume and can contribute significantly to host metabolism (e.g., via photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation). We review in detail the diversity of microbes associated with sponges, including extensive 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses which support the previously suggested existence of a sponge-specific microbiota. These analyses provide a suitable vantage point from which to consider the potential evolutionary and ecological ramifications of these widespread, sponge-specific microorganisms. Subsequently, we examine the ecology of sponge-microbe associations, including the establishment and maintenance of these sometimes intimate partnerships, the varied nature of the interactions (ranging from mutualism to host-pathogen relationships), and the broad-scale patterns of symbiont distribution. The ecological and evolutionary importance of sponge-microbe associations is mirrored by their enormous biotechnological potential: marine sponges are among the animal kingdom's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and in at least some cases, the compounds are of microbial rather than sponge origin. We review the status of this important field, outlining the various approaches (e.g., cultivation, cell separation, and metagenomics) which have been employed to access the chemical wealth of sponge-microbe associations.

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Drug discovery from marine natural products has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. Ziconotide (Prialt; Elan Pharmaceuticals), a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States in December 2004 for the treatment of pain. Then, in October 2007, trabectedin (Yondelis; PharmaMar) became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union. Here, we review the history of drug discovery from marine natural products, and by describing selected examples, we examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the advances that may further expand the promise of drugs from the sea.

Drug development from marine natural products

Natural products to drugs: natural product derived compounds in clinical trials

Norhalichondrin A: an antitumor polyether macrolide from a marine sponge

From the bark of Aegle marmelos CORREA (Rutaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant, two new lignan-glucosides, (-)-lyoniresinol 2α-O-β-glucopyranoside (3) and (-)-4-epi-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), have been isolated together with two known lignan-glucosides, (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (-)- lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2).

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/42/9/42_9_1924/_pdf

Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XII. Four Isomaric Lignan-Glucosides from the Bark of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae)

The Structure of Tanshinone-II

A new cyclic peptide, viscumamide (C30H55N5O5) was isolated from Viscum album Linn. var. coloratum Ohwi, and the structure Ia (Remark: Graphics omitted.) was assigned to this substance from gas-chromatographic studies on the products of partial hydrolysis.

Yasuaki Okumura

Papers

Norhalichondrin A: an antitumor polyether macrolide from a marine sponge

Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XII. Four Isomaric Lignan-Glucosides from the Bark of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae)

The Structure of Tanshinone-II

Chemical Studies on the Mistletoe. II. The Structure of Viscumamide, a New Cyclic Peptide Isolated from Viscum album Linn. var. coloratum Ohwi

Norhalichondrin a: an antitumor polyether macrolide from a marine sponge