We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution

Preface 1. Introduction: the problem of collective action 2. The prisoners' dilemma, chicken and other games in the provision of public goods 3. The two-person prisoners' dilemma supergame 4. The N-person prisoners' dilemma supergame 5. Altruism and superiority 6. The state 7. Epilogue: cooperation, the state and anarchy Annex Notes Bibliography Index.

The possibility of cooperation

Interaction ritual chains

This Review presents basic facts regarding the long-run evolution of income and wealth inequality in Europe and the United States. Income and wealth inequality was very high a century ago, particularly in Europe, but dropped dramatically in the first half of the 20th century. Income inequality has surged back in the United States since the 1970s so that the United States is much more unequal than Europe today. We discuss possible interpretations and lessons for the future.

Inequality in the long run

Self-interested partner selection can lead to the emergence of fairness

Up to date, more than 15 billion US dollars have been invested in microfinance that benefited more than 160 million people in developing countries. The Kiva organization is one of the successful examples that use a decentralized matching process to match lenders and borrowers. Interested lenders from around the world can look for cases among thousands of applicants they found promising to lend the money to. But how can loan borrowers and lenders be successfully matched up in a microfinance platform like Kiva? We argue that a sophisticate recommender not only pairs up loan lenders and borrowers in accordance to their preferences, but should also help to diversify the distribution of donations to reduce the inequality of loans is highly demanded, as altruism, like any resource, can be congestible.In this paper, we propose a fairness-aware recommendation system based on one-class collaborative-filtering techniques for charity and micro-loan platform such as Kiva.org. Our experiments on real dataset indicates that the proposed method can largely improve the loan distribution fairness while retaining the accuracy of recommendations.

Fairness-Aware Loan Recommendation for Microfinance Services

This paper investigates bandwagon dynamics in social networks, using an extension of Granovetter's (1978) threshold model. The focus is on the pattern of social ties connecting actors with different participation thresholds. A benchmark model, in which actors' thresholds are similar to their neighbors' thresholds, is built from the principle of homophily. Computational experiments show that participation levels increase when network structure departs from pure homophily, such that actors have new neighbors with discrepant thresholds. Further increasing the heterogeneity of network neighbors causes the bandwagon effects to wane, however, suggesting that bandwagon dynamics are maximized when there is a balance of heterogeneity and homogeneity in social networks. This principle is consistent with insights from several empirical studies and consistent with the conclusions of other formal models.

Birds of Moderately Different Feathers: Bandwagon Dynamics and the Threshold Heterogeneity of Network Neighbors

Recent experimental findings on behavioral games show that subjects do not behave in a self-interest-maximizing manner as would be predicted by game theory. An evolutionary approach attempts to exp...

Yen-Sheng Chiang

Papers

Self-interested partner selection can lead to the emergence of fairness

Fairness-Aware Loan Recommendation for Microfinance Services

Birds of Moderately Different Feathers: Bandwagon Dynamics and the Threshold Heterogeneity of Network Neighbors

A Path Toward Fairness Preferential Association and the Evolution of Strategies in the Ultimatum Game

Triadic balance in the brain: Seeking brain evidence for Heider’s structural balance theory