The cloud computing paradigm has become a mainstream solution for the deployment of business processes and applications. In the public cloud vision, infrastructure, platform, and software services are provisioned to tenants (i.e., customers and service providers) on a pay-as-you-go basis. Cloud tenants can use cloud resources at lower prices, and higher performance and flexibility, than traditional on-premises resources, without having to care about infrastructure management. Still, cloud tenants remain concerned with the cloud’s level of service and the nonfunctional properties their applications can count on. In the last few years, the research community has been focusing on the nonfunctional aspects of the cloud paradigm, among which cloud security stands out. Several approaches to security have been described and summarized in general surveys on cloud security techniques. The survey in this article focuses on the interface between cloud security and cloud security assurance. First, we provide an overview of the state of the art on cloud security. Then, we introduce the notion of cloud security assurance and analyze its growing impact on cloud security approaches. Finally, we present some recommendations for the development of next-generation cloud security and assurance solutions.

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From Security to Assurance in the Cloud: A Survey

To better meet the challenge of providing effective, low-cost, energy efficient transport services, the concept of intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been proposed and lauded as an innovative and promising solution for next generation transport networks. In this paper, the progress of ITS research around the world is briefly reviewed and current challenges are outlined, thereby offering further insight into ITS development for all researchers in this area.

Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities: a progress review

An effective and real-time traffic information network is highly important and could contribute to decreasing traffic volume and costs by reducing fuel consumption and saving time for drivers in reaching their destinations. This study provides an extensive analysis regarding the drivers’ acceptance levels of the current implementation of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in Kuala Lumpur. A proposed model from the literature review based on the known Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is introduced. The ITS system characteristics, information quality, system quality, and service quality were investigated as external variables. The resulting analysis showed that information quality is the highest influential factor followed by system quality. The results also revealed that service quality had no effect on acceptance levels.

The impact of intelligent transport system quality: Drivers' acceptance perspective

Collision warning and avoidance is a well-established area of research for the automotive industry. However, there is little research towards vitally important collision warning systems for cyclists, who are increasingly jeopardized by motorists on urban roads, especially as quiet, fast electric vehicles become more popular. This paper describes the hardware and software of a low-cost collision warning system for cyclists. Installed on the back of a bike seat, the system consists of a single-beam laser rangefinder and two ultrasonic sensors that detect oncoming vehicles from behind, two handlebar eccentric mass vibrators that provide left and right haptic feedback to the cyclist, and a taillight that warns oncoming vehicles. Executed by an Arduino microcontroller, its software consists of a fuzzy rule-based inference system (FIS), which computes the collision risk and generates appropriate warning signals in a similar way to how a cyclist would assess collision risk based on the distance, velocity and direction of an approaching vehicle. The device was prototyped and statistically evaluated by a survey taken from a pool of seven participants. The participants tested the system before and after receiving initial training. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in warning cyclists in an intuitive manner, without distracting them.

Reliable and low-cost cyclist collision warning system for safer commute on urban roads

There are three types of power saving classes in the specification of IEEE 802.16e/m: Type I, II, and III. Most of the researches focused mainly on Type I or Type II, which means these previous works could also inherit the limitation of how to select the sleeping pattern in Type I and Type II: either adopting the exponential pattern of Type I or adopting the constant pattern of Type II for the sleep window size. In our previous research, we discussed the limitation of adopting Type I or Type II, and had brought up the idea of applying traffic modeling and measurement called Load-Based Power Saving (LBPS). Poisson process is adopted to simplify LBPS for traffic modeling. The objective of LBPS is to adaptively adjust the sleep window size of each MSS to better fit in the current traffic (load) condition by traffic measurement. To consider both real-time and non-real-time traffic characteristics, a new LBPS scheme, namely LBPS-RT, is proposed in this paper to effectively schedule traffic and support the traffic delay requirement. Simulation results demonstrate that better power-saving efficiency can be achieved by the LBPS-RT than the standard Type I and II. In addition, the delay bound requirement can be achieved in our new LBPS-RT scheme.

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Design of Load-based Power Saving and Scheduling Scheme Integrating Real-time and Non-real-time Services in WiMAX Networks

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has made significant progress in recent years, attracting a lot of interest from academia and the industry. VANET involves vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications based on a wireless network. V2I refers to the communication between vehicles and infrastructure of roadside unit (RSU), e.g., a base station and access point (AP) connected to the Internet. V2V refers to the direct or multi-hop communications among vehicles in VANET. V2V is efficient and cost effective owing to its short range bandwidth advantage and its ad hoc nature. V2V communications are enabling technologies that enhance the driver’s awareness of nearby vehicular traffic, leading to improved traffic safety and efficiency. The V2V mode provides a communications platform between road vehicles (cars, bikes, scooters, motorcycles, trucks, etc.) without requiring a central control unit. Safety-related V2V applications are enabled via an integrated early warning mechanism. To facilitate safe driving, we propose an Intelligent Vehicular Warning System (IVWS) that sends an immediate warning message in the event of an accident. According to V2V communications, the other cars or vehicles could have enough time to avoid the accident and make an appropriate decision such as slow down, stop, and detour after receiving the urgent warning messages. Furthermore, the local CMS (Changeable Message Sign) can show the accident information for neighbor vehicles when receiving the warning message. To achieve experimental architecture with our proposed IVWS, the robot vehicles have been designed to simulate vehicles on the road. Besides, vehicles also apply ZigBee wireless interface to communicate with each other. The experiment has shown that our proposed intelligent system can initially provide message display and safety driving for vehicles when traffic accident occurred.

Intelligent Vehicular Warning System for VANET

Previous works in IEEE 802.16e power saving mainly focused on standard Type I or Type II power saving class. The limitation of adopting Type I or Type II is discussed in the paper, and the idea of Load-Based Power Saving (LBPS) is proposed. The base station in LBPS measures the traffic load and estimates the sleep window size for mobile subscriber stations by setting a threshold for data accumulation. A basic version of LBPS, LBPS-Aggr, is presented in the paper, in which all of the traffic in the network is treated as a single aggregate flow in estimation of the sleep window size. Adopting the idea of group splitting or merging in sleep schedule, two enhanced versions namely LBPS-Split and LBPS-Merge are proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that better power saving efficiency can be achieved by pro

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LBPS: Load-Based Power Saving in the IEEE 802.16e Network q,qq,qqq

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Yi-Ting Mai

Papers

Intelligent Vehicular Warning System for VANET

LBPS: Load-Based Power Saving in the IEEE 802.16e Network q,qq,qqq

- SECRESO: Secure Storage Model for Cloud Data based on Reed-Solomon Code