Climate and land-use change increases the probability of heavy rains and flooding. In this study, we present a spatiotemporal evaluation of the changes in floods and associated socioeconomic damage in China over the last century. Results showed that 5–10-year flood were the main problem in flood disasters in China in recent decades. Floods were most common in the Yangtze River basin (27.2 % of all floods), followed by the Huaihe River basin (27, 12.7 %) in twentieth century. The area of agriculture covered and affected by floods exhibited a significant uptrend from 1950 to 2013, and the averages for both of covered area and affected area from 1991 to 2013 reflect a doubling over the averages from 1950 to 1970. A significant downtrend was found in death tolls with the deadliest flood in 1954 (42,447 deaths), and mountain torrents disaster was the main cause of death in recent decades because of the fluctuation of extreme precipitation events. Moreover, due to the combined effects of climate change and rapid urbanization, the risks of flooding increased, which mainly concentrated on the plains along the big rivers such as the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Yellow River, causing an uptrend in direct economic damage in recent years. Results obtained from this study reveal trends and distributions of floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China, which can help to fully understand floods variation.

Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century

Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and governance under climate change and urbanization: An analysis of Bangkok, Hanoi and Tokyo

Historical assessment and future sustainability challenges of Egyptian water resources management

Megacities are facing serious water pollution problems due to urbanization, rapid population growth and economic development. Water is an essential resource for human activities and socio-economic development and water quality in urban settings has important implications for human and environmental health. Urbanization and lack of sewerage has left the water in Jakarta, Indonesia in a heavily polluted condition. Rigorous assessment of urban water quality is necessary to understand the factors controlling water quality conditions. We use trend analysis to assess the current water quality conditions in Jakarta, focusing on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). In most monitoring stations analyzed, BOD and TSS concentrations have decreased over time, but from large starting concentrations. DO in most monitoring stations has increased. Although Jakarta’s water quality has shown some improvement, it remains heavily impaired. The average value of BOD is low in upper stream stations compared to middle and lower stream stations. BOD and TSS trends of some water quality stations in middle and lower streams show increasing trends. Cluster analysis results suggest three groups for BOD and TSS, and four groups for DO. Understanding water quality conditions and factors that control water quality suggest strategies for improving water quality given current trends in climate, population growth and urban development. Results from this study suggest research directions and management strategies to address water quality challenges.

Water quality trend assessment in Jakarta: A rapidly growing Asian megacity

Increased urbanisation, economic growth, and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding, putting people and property at increased risk. This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems. Particular emphases in this paper are laid on (1) learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China, and (2) which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk. The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors, together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management. Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning, early warning systems, and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy, multi-level flood models, and data driven models of water quantity and quality.

Urban and river flooding: Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs

Historical assessment of Chinese and Japanese flood management policies and implications for managing future floods

The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of carbon emission reduction on enterprise value and to help enterprises maximize enterprise value while saving energy and reducing emissions. Using case analysis and empirical analysis methods, we construct a multiple linear regression equation using the data of A-share enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2017 to 2020 in the power, heat production, and supply industries to test the impact of carbon emission reduction on enterprise value. With China Huadian Corporation as an example, we analyze the impact mechanism of carbon emission reduction on enterprise value. Carbon emission reduction can promote enterprises' environmental performance and social reputation. Although enterprises spend a certain amount of cost in the process of carbon emission reduction, technological improvement, and structural optimization can also help enterprises improve resource utilization rate so that enterprises can gain competitive advantages and thus improve their ability to create value. The results show that there is a positive correlation between carbon emission reduction and enterprise value. Enterprises need to pay attention to reducing carbon emissions to achieve a win-win situation of environmental benefits and economic benefits.

Yin E. Xiong

Papers

Historical assessment of Chinese and Japanese flood management policies and implications for managing future floods

Research on Impact of Carbon Emission Reduction on Enterprise Value Based on Multiple Linear Regression Model