Polydopamine and Its Derivative Materials: Synthesis and Promising Applications in Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Fields

Over the past few decades, researchers have established artificial enzymes as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of applications. A variety of materials including cyclodextrins, metal complexes, porphyrins, polymers, dendrimers and biomolecules have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Recently, some nanomaterials have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like activities, and great advances have been made in this area due to the tremendous progress in nano-research and the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. To highlight the progress in the field of nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (nanozymes), this review discusses various nanomaterials that have been explored to mimic different kinds of enzymes. We cover their kinetics, mechanisms and applications in numerous fields, from biosensing and immunoassays, to stem cell growth and pollutant removal. We also summarize several approaches to tune the activities of nanozymes. Finally, we make comparisons between nanozymes and other catalytic materials (other artificial enzymes, natural enzymes, organic catalysts and nanomaterial-based catalysts) and address the current challenges and future directions (302 references).

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes

Graphene oxide: preparation, functionalization, and electrochemical applications.

This review surveys recent advances in the applications of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in heterogeneous catalysis. By virtue of the flexible tunability and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite-like layers and the facile exchangeability of intercalated anions, LDHs-both as directly prepared or after thermal treatment and/or reduction-have found many applications as stable and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts or catalyst supports for a variety of reactions with high industrial and academic importance. A major challenge in this rapidly growing field is to simultaneously improve the activity, selectivity and stability of these LDH-based materials by developing ways of tailoring the electronic structure of the catalysts and supports. Therefore, this Review article is mainly focused on the most recent developments in smart design strategies for LDH materials and the potential catalytic applications of the resulting materials.

Catalytic applications of layered double hydroxides: recent advances and perspectives

Electrochemistry of graphene and related materials.

Multifunctional carbon nanotubes for direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and glucose bioassay.

Horseradish peroxidase immobilization on carbon nanodots/CoFe layered double hydroxides: direct electrochemistry and hydrogen peroxide sensing.

Effects of rubber/magnetic particle interactions on the performance of magnetorheological elastomers

A stable dihydroxybenzene sensor was fabricated by electrochemical deposition of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide film on glassy carbon electrode (LDHf/GCE). The sensitive and facile electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of catechol (CA) and hydroquinone (HQ) under coexistence of resorcinol (RE) has been achieved at the LDHf/GCE in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5). Under the optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetry response of the modified electrode to CA (or HQ) shows a linear concentration range of 0.6 μM to 6.0 mM (or 3.2 μM to 2.4 mM) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987 (or 0.9992) and the calculated limit of detection is 0.1 μM (or 1.0 μM) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. In the presence of 50 μM isomer, the linear concentration ranges for CA and HQ are 3.0 μM to 1.5 mM and 12.0 μM to 0.8 mM, respectively. The detection limits are 1.2 μM and 9.0 μM. Further, the proposed method has been performed to successfully detect dihydroxybenzene isomers in analysis of real samples, such as water and tea.

Sensitive and Facile Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone Simultaneously Under Coexistence of Resorcinol with a Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Yinling Wang

Papers

Multifunctional carbon nanotubes for direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and glucose bioassay.

Horseradish peroxidase immobilization on carbon nanodots/CoFe layered double hydroxides: direct electrochemistry and hydrogen peroxide sensing.

Effects of rubber/magnetic particle interactions on the performance of magnetorheological elastomers

Sensitive and Facile Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone Simultaneously Under Coexistence of Resorcinol with a Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase on graphene-modified electrode for electrocatalytic reduction towards H2O2