There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

During the last two decades atmospheric (or high) pressure non-thermal plasmas in and in contact with liquids have received a lot of attention in view of their considerable environmental and medical applications. The simultaneous generation of intense UV radiation, shock waves and active radicals makes these discharges particularly suitable for decontamination, sterilization and purification purposes. This paper reviews the current status of research on atmospheric pressure non-thermal discharges in and in contact with liquids. The emphasis is on their generation mechanisms and their physical characteristics.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/42/5/053001/pdf

Non-thermal plasmas in and in contact with liquids

Plasma–liquid interactions represent a growing interdisciplinary area of research involving plasma science, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, photolysis, multiphase chemistry and aerosol science. This review provides an assessment of the state-of-the-art of this multidisciplinary area and identifies the key research challenges. The developments in diagnostics, modeling and further extensions of cross section and reaction rate databases that are necessary to address these challenges are discussed. The review focusses on non-equilibrium plasmas.

/pdf/plasma-liquid-interactions-a-review-and-roadmap-4kfoerpjnh.pdf

Plasma-liquid interactions: A review and roadmap

Part I: Background and Fundamentals Introduction, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, University of Notre Dame Scaling of Micromechanical Devices, William Trimmer, Standard MEMS, Inc., and Robert H. Stroud, Aerospace Corporation Mechanical Properties of MEMS Materials, William N. Sharpe, Jr., Johns Hopkins University Flow Physics, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, University of Notre Dame Integrated Simulation for MEMS: Coupling Flow-Structure-Thermal-Electrical Domains, Robert M. Kirby and George Em Karniadakis, Brown University, and Oleg Mikulchenko and Kartikeya Mayaram, Oregon State University Liquid Flows in Microchannels, Kendra V. Sharp and Ronald J. Adrian, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Juan G. Santiago and Joshua I. Molho, Stanford University Burnett Simulations of Flows in Microdevices, Ramesh K. Agarwal and Keon-Young Yun, Wichita State University Molecular-Based Microfluidic Simulation Models, Ali Beskok, Texas A&M University Lubrication in MEMS, Kenneth S. Breuer, Brown University Physics of Thin Liquid Films, Alexander Oron, Technion, Israel Bubble/Drop Transport in Microchannels, Hsueh-Chia Chang, University of Notre Dame Fundamentals of Control Theory, Bill Goodwine, University of Notre Dame Model-Based Flow Control for Distributed Architectures, Thomas R. Bewley, University of California, San Diego Soft Computing in Control, Mihir Sen and Bill Goodwine, University of Notre Dame Part II: Design and Fabrication Materials for Microelectromechanical Systems Christian A. Zorman and Mehran Mehregany, Case Western Reserve University MEMS Fabrication, Marc J. Madou, Nanogen, Inc. LIGA and Other Replication Techniques, Marc J. Madou, Nanogen, Inc. X-Ray-Based Fabrication, Todd Christenson, Sandia National Laboratories Electrochemical Fabrication (EFAB), Adam L. Cohen, MEMGen Corporation Fabrication and Characterization of Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide MEMS, Robert S. Okojie, NASA Glenn Research Center Deep Reactive Ion Etching for Bulk Micromachining of Silicon Carbide, Glenn M. Beheim, NASA Glenn Research Center Microfabricated Chemical Sensors for Aerospace Applications, Gary W. Hunter, NASA Glenn Research Center, Chung-Chiun Liu, Case Western Reserve University, and Darby B. Makel, Makel Engineering, Inc. Packaging of Harsh-Environment MEMS Devices, Liang-Yu Chen and Jih-Fen Lei, NASA Glenn Research Center Part III: Applications of MEMS Inertial Sensors, Paul L. Bergstrom, Michigan Technological University, and Gary G. Li, OMM, Inc. Micromachined Pressure Sensors, Jae-Sung Park, Chester Wilson, and Yogesh B. Gianchandani, University of Wisconsin-Madison Sensors and Actuators for Turbulent Flows. Lennart Loefdahl, Chalmers University of Technology, and Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, University of Notre Dame Surface-Micromachined Mechanisms, Andrew D. Oliver and David W. Plummer, Sandia National Laboratories Microrobotics Thorbjoern Ebefors and Goeran Stemme, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Microscale Vacuum Pumps, E. Phillip Muntz, University of Southern California, and Stephen E. Vargo, SiWave, Inc. Microdroplet Generators. Fan-Gang Tseng, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Micro Heat Pipes and Micro Heat Spreaders, G. P. "Bud" Peterson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Microchannel Heat Sinks, Yitshak Zohar, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Flow Control, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, University of Notre Dame) Part IV: The Future Reactive Control for Skin-Friction Reduction, Haecheon Choi, Seoul National University Towards MEMS Autonomous Control of Free-Shear Flows, Ahmed Naguib, Michigan State University Fabrication Technologies for Nanoelectromechanical Systems, Gary H. Bernstein, Holly V. Goodson, and Gregory L. Snider, University of Notre Dame Index

The MEMS Handbook

Films whose water contact angle is higher than 150° have been the subject of great interest and enthusiastic study in recent years. These films, which are called super-hydrophobic, are fabricated by combining appropriate surface roughness with surfaces of low surface energy. Here we briefly review the fundamental theories on the wettability of a hydrophobic rough solid surface, together with recent works on the processing and properties of super-hydrophobic films. Though the practical application of these films is still limited, the obstacles to application are gradually being surmounted, providing a great opportunity for the development of various industrial products.

Recent Studies on Super-Hydrophobic Films

A method for decomposing dye by spraying water solution of dye into nonequilibrium plasma in gas phase was investigated using a pulsed-corona discharge reactor. The corona reactor consists of a discharge wire and a cylindrical electrode. The water solution of indigo carmine with a concentration of 20 mg/L was sprayed into the reactor from a showerhead. The sprayed water solution was circulated into the reactor. The dependence of the discharging power injected into the reactor on the decomposition rates of chromogenic and unsaturated bonds in indigo carmine was investigated. Indigo blue was decolored by 1-min circulation with the discharging power of 8.6 W. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry showed that indigo carmine was decomposed completely by 60-min treatment. The chromogenic and unsaturated bonds were almost decomposed at 9 and 360 J/mg, respectively. As the discharging power increased, the decomposition rates of both bonds in indigo carmine increased. The decomposition rates of the chromogenic bond showed equal values in equal discharging power regardless of the difference of discharge repetition rate and charging voltage of the capacitor. In contrast, the higher repetitive pulses were more effective for the decomposition of the unsaturated bond rather than the magnitude of charging voltage in equal discharging power.

Decomposition of Dye in Water Solution by Pulsed Power Discharge in a Water Droplet Spray

It has been thought that the conductivity of pure water is high enough to neglect the streaming electrification. However, with the advancement of semiconductor industries, even ultrapure water appeared to cause electrification problems at the washing and the rinsing processes of semiconductor wafers. The investigation on the electrification phenomenon of polymer (PTFE) surface with ultrapure water is described in this article. Water droplets are always charged positively after sliding on the PTFE surface, and the surface potential on PTFE is almost negative and varied along the path of droplets becoming positive downstream. As the conductivity of water becomes closer to that of ideal water, the amount of droplet charge increases drastically. This electrification phenomenon is also enhanced by decreasing the thickness of the PTFE plate. It suggests that the Coulomb force between the charge on the PTFE surface and the minor image charge is an important factor. The authors have proposed a model which is based on the electric double layer similar to conventional streaming electrification for insulating liquid, assuming that the charged droplet leaves the excess positive charge on the polymer surface. >

Electrification of polymer surface caused by sliding ultrapure water

Electrorheological property of a polyaniline-coated silica suspension

DC corona discharge from water droplets on a hydrophobic surface

Polyaniline-coated copoly (styrene styrenesulphonate) (PSS) particles were prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline hydrochloride using ammonium persulphate in the presence of anionic PSS particles. Polyanilinecoated PSS particles were found to be higher dispersibility than polyaniline itself in an organic solvent. A suspension of polyanilinecoated PSS particle in silicone oil was found to exhibit high performance at higher temperature without the necessity for water.

Yoshio Higashiyama

Papers

Decomposition of Dye in Water Solution by Pulsed Power Discharge in a Water Droplet Spray

Electrification of polymer surface caused by sliding ultrapure water

Electrorheological property of a polyaniline-coated silica suspension

DC corona discharge from water droplets on a hydrophobic surface

The electrorheological property of a polyaniline-coated copolystyrene particle suspension