A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification

Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils.

Biodiesel processing and production

Industrial applications of microbial lipases

https://seniordesign.engr.uidaho.edu/2007_2008/frenchfryfuel/Biodiesel%20from%20WVO%20Part%201.pdf

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 1. Process design and technological assessment

PURPOSE: To obtain the compound containing arachidonic acid in high concentration by hydrolyzing phospholipid of egg yolk with phospholipase A2 , extracting a formed fatty acid, adding glycerol, making the glycerol into a glyceride in the presence of a lipase and hydrolyzing. CONSTITUTION: Phospholipid of egg yolk (e.g. yolk lecithin) is treated with phospholipase A2 and hydrolyzed. A fatty acid containing arachidonic acid liberated by the hydrolysis reaction is extracted and the prepared fatty acid- containing arachidonic acid is mixed with glycol. Then the mixture is reacted with a lipase derived from Candida cylindracea at 35 deg.C for 70 hours to synthesize a glyceride, which is mixed with water and hydrolyzed with the lipase at 35 deg.C with stirring for 16 hours so that the glyceride containing arachidonic acid is concentrated and purified to give the objective glyceride containing arachidonic acid in high concentration widely usable as a food for infants, a health auxiliary food and a medicine.

Production of glyceride containing highly unsaturated fatty acid

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize purification in high yield and high purity, by subjecting a fatty acid ester formed from a lower alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid containing an ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid to preferential alcoholysis with a linear higher alcohol by using a lipase. SOLUTION: A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid having at least 4 to 6 double bonds, comprising, e.g. bonito oil is subjected to esterification in a 1-4C lower alcohol such as ethanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising, e.g. sodium ethylene to produce a fatty acid ester comprising, e.g. ethyl ester of bonito oil, which is concentrated by, e.g. molecular distillation to give a highly unsaturated fatty acid ester. This ester is mixed with an 8-18C long-chain higher alcohol, such as lauryl alcohol, at a molar ratio of (1:2) to (1:10). An immobilized lipase comprising Rhizomucor miehei is added to the mixture to effect preferential alcoholysis by shaking at 15-60 deg.C for 1-30hr, thus giving an ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid ester such as a docosahexaenoic ester.

Purification of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid ester

Streptomyces limosus was selected because it secreted a novel protease that catalyzed the synthetic reaction forming Pro-Pro-Pro from Pro-Pro. The protease was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and an activity of more than about 20,000-fold that of the culture broth. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 50 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active in alkaline pH for the synthetic reaction producing Pro-Pro-Pro from Pro-Pro, although for the hydrolytic reaction forming proline it was most active in neutral pH. The enzyme was inhibited by 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP) and diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN). It can be considered that this enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteases. The substrate specificity indicates that this enzyme has a strong affinity for proline as a N-terminal amino acid of peptides.

Purification and Some Properties of a Protease from Streptomyces limosus

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for the purification of crude xanthophylls. SOLUTION: Crude xanthophyll obtained by the solvent extraction of algae is purified by treating the xanthophyll with lipase in the presence of water under acidic condition at 4-90 deg.C without adjusting the pH to effect the selective hydrolysis of neutral lipids (mono, di or triglyceride) existing as foreign materials, separating the lipase-treated liquid into oil and water and separating free fatty acids from the obtained oil layer.

Method for purifying crude xanthophyll

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a monoglyceride including a conjugated fatty acid and to provide a method of producing the monoglyceride including the conjugated fatty acid and the method can use all kind of lipase as a catalyst. SOLUTION: The monoglyceride includes the conjugated fatty acid (preferably >=50% in fatty acids). The method of production for the monoglyceride including the conjugated fatty acid, subjects a free fatty acid including the conjugated fatty acid and glycerin in the presence of lipase as a catalyst to an esterification or esterification and a glycerolysis reaction.

Yoshio Tominaga

Papers

Production of glyceride containing highly unsaturated fatty acid

Purification of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid ester

Purification and Some Properties of a Protease from Streptomyces limosus

Method for purifying crude xanthophyll

Monoglyceride including conjugated fatty acid and production of the same