A review on comprehensive recycling of spent power lithium-ion battery in China

Recent progress in sustainable recycling of LiFePO4-type lithium-ion batteries: Strategies for highly selective lithium recovery

A new type of deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), consisting of ethylene glycol (EG) and sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SAD), were designed for efficient leaching valuable metals from cathode active materials (LiCoO2 and Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5) of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for the first time. The as-prepared DESs possessed strong coordination ability and low viscosity, which were suitable for metal extraction. The influences of experiment parameters on extraction of Co and Li were systematically investigated, and the leaching mechanism and kinetics were elucidated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li from pure LiCoO2 reached 93.5% and 98.3%, while those of Co, Ni, Mn, and Li achieved 94.8%, 99.1%, 100%, and 100% from the spent Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5, respectively. Results revealed that the Li+ ions located in the interlayer of layered LiCoO2 were replaced by H+ ions and entered into solution, while Co3+ ions in the skeleton structure were reduced and coordinated by EG and sulfosalicylic acid (SA) to form four soluble Co2+–SA complexes, realizing synergistic and efficient leaching of Li and Co from the LIB cathode active material. Moreover, Co and Li leaching kinetics conformed to the shrinking core model, in which the interfacial chemical reaction was the limiting step, and the apparent activation energies were separately about 77.38 and 79.54 kJ/mol. 

A Novel Deep-Eutectic Solvent with Strong Coordination Ability and Low Viscosity for Efficient Extraction of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Selective recycling of valuable metals from waste LiCoO2 cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries through low-temperature thermochemistry

Enabling Sustainable recycling of LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries

Pursuing green and efficient process towards recycling of different metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through Ferro-chemistry

Recycling of LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries through ultrasound-assisted Fenton reaction and lithium compensation.

Novel electrochemically driven and internal circulation process for valuable metals recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

Mechanochemistry-induced Recycling of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries for Synergistic Treatment of Mixed Cathode Powders

The efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, especially cathodes, with a minimized environmental footprint is pivotal for the benign development of the new-energy automobile industry. However, effective exfoliation of cathode materials from Al foils is one of the current bottlenecks in pretreatment prior to the metallurgical recycling process. Herein, a novel process was proposed for the in situ peeling off of cathode materials from Al foils by improved advanced oxidation processes in the ultrasonic-assisted S2O82––Fe2+ (UASF) system. In this system, S2O82– was used as a free radical generator with Fe2+ as the catalyst, which can significantly promote the peeling-off efficiency. Experimental results indicate that all coating materials can be exfoliated from Al foils under the optimized operating conditions. The peeling-off mechanism indicates that binders (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) were effectively degraded by free radicals of SO4•– and •OH generated in UASF, resulting in in situ liberation of cathode materials from Al foils. Further characterization results indicate that Al foils and cathode materials retain their original states, indicating that only the PVDF binders were degraded without destruction of other components. It is expected that this technology is a green and efficient candidate for in situ recycling of cathode materials and Al foils. 

Improved Advanced Oxidation Process for In Situ Recycling of Al Foils and Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Youzhou Jiang

Papers

Pursuing green and efficient process towards recycling of different metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through Ferro-chemistry

Recycling of LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries through ultrasound-assisted Fenton reaction and lithium compensation.

Novel electrochemically driven and internal circulation process for valuable metals recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

Mechanochemistry-induced Recycling of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries for Synergistic Treatment of Mixed Cathode Powders

Improved Advanced Oxidation Process for In Situ Recycling of Al Foils and Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries