다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Part I. Fundamental Concepts: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Introduction to quantum mechanics 3. Introduction to computer science Part II. Quantum Computation: 4. Quantum circuits 5. The quantum Fourier transform and its application 6. Quantum search algorithms 7. Quantum computers: physical realization Part III. Quantum Information: 8. Quantum noise and quantum operations 9. Distance measures for quantum information 10. Quantum error-correction 11. Entropy and information 12. Quantum information theory Appendices References Index.

Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

The interaction of matter and light is one of the fundamental processes occurring in nature, and its most elementary form is realized when a single atom interacts with a single photon. Reaching this regime has been a major focus of research in atomic physics and quantum optics1 for several decades and has generated the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics2,3. Here we perform an experiment in which a superconducting two-level system, playing the role of an artificial atom, is coupled to an on-chip cavity consisting of a superconducting transmission line resonator. We show that the strong coupling regime can be attained in a solid-state system, and we experimentally observe the coherent interaction of a superconducting two-level system with a single microwave photon. The concept of circuit quantum electrodynamics opens many new possibilities for studying the strong interaction of light and matter. This system can also be exploited for quantum information processing and quantum communication and may lead to new approaches for single photon generation and detection.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0407325.pdf

Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics

The semiconductor industry has seen a remarkable miniaturization trend, driven by many scientific and technological innovations. But if this trend is to continue, and provide ever faster and cheaper computers, the size of microelectronic circuit components will soon need to reach the scale of atoms or molecules—a goal that will require conceptually new device structures. The idea that a few molecules, or even a single molecule, could be embedded between electrodes and perform the basic functions of digital electronics—rectification, amplification and storage—was first put forward in the mid-1970s. The concept is now realized for individual components, but the economic fabrication of complete circuits at the molecular level remains challenging because of the difficulty of connecting molecules to one another. A possible solution to this problem is ‘mono-molecular’ electronics, in which a single molecule will integrate the elementary functions and interconnections required for computation.

Electronics using hybrid-molecular and mono-molecular devices

We propose a realizable architecture using one-dimensional transmission line resonators to reach the strong-coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics in superconducting electrical circuits. The vacuum Rabi frequency for the coupling of cavity photons to quantized excitations of an adjacent electrical circuit (qubit) can easily exceed the damping rates of both the cavity and qubit. This architecture is attractive both as a macroscopic analog of atomic physics experiments and for quantum computing and control, since it provides strong inhibition of spontaneous emission, potentially leading to greatly enhanced qubit lifetimes, allows high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements of the state of multiple qubits, and has a natural mechanism for entanglement of qubits separated by centimeter distances. In addition it would allow production of microwave photon states of fundamental importance for quantum communication.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0402216.pdf

Cavity quantum electrodynamics for superconducting electrical circuits: An architecture for quantum computation

We present an experimental study of hybrid turnstiles with high charging energies in comparison to the superconducting gap. The device is modeled with the sequential tunneling approximation. The backtunneling effect is shown to limit the amplitude of the gate drive and thereby the maximum pumped current of the turnstile. We compare results obtained with sine and square wave drive and show how a fast rise time can suppress errors due to leakage current. Quantized current plateaus up to 160 pA are demonstrated.

/pdf/experimental-investigation-of-hybrid-single-electron-1kdpujlzuo.pdf

Experimental investigation of hybrid single-electron turnstiles with high charging energy

We propose a novel method for suppression of quasiparticle poisoning in Al Coulomb blockade devices. The method is based on creation of a proper energy gap profile along the device. In contrast to the previously used techniques, the energy gap is controlled by the film thickness. Our transport measurements confirm that the quasiparticle poisoning is suppressed and clear 2e periodicity is observed only when the island is made much thinner than the leads. This result is consistent with the existing model and provides a simple method to suppress quasiparticle poisoning.

Parity effect in superconducting aluminum single electron transistors with spatial gap profile controlled by film thickness

We demonstrate experimentally that a hybrid single-electron transistor with superconducting leads and a normal-metal island can be refrigerated by an alternating voltage applied to the gate electrode. The simultaneous measurement of the dc current induced by the rf gate through the device at a small bias voltage serves as an in situ thermometer.

/pdf/single-electronic-radio-frequency-refrigerator-259acygm2x.pdf

Single-electronic radio-frequency refrigerator.

We show that the barrier profile of in situ grown AlOx tunnel barriers strongly depends on the material choices of the oxide-metal interface. By doing transport measurements on Al and Nb-based metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions in a wide temperature range and using the phenomenological Simmons' model, we obtain barrier parameters that are qualitatively consistent with the values obtained from the first-principles calculations. The latter suggest that the formation of metal-induced gap states originating from the hybridization between the metallic bands and Al2O3 conduction band is responsible for the tunnel barrier modification. These findings are important for nanoelectronic devices containing tunnel junctions with a thin insulating layer.

Potential barrier modification and interface states formation in metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions

TITLE CONDITIONAL GATE OPERATION IN SUPERCONDUCTING CHARGE QUBITS COUPLING AND DEPHASING IN JOSEPHSON CHARGE-PHASE QUBIT WITH RADIO-FREQUENCY READOUT THE JOSEPHSON BIFFURCATION FOR QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS CURRENT-CONTROLLED COUPLING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CHARGE QUBIT DIRECT MEASURES OF TUNABLE JOSEPHSON PLASMA RESONANCE IN THE L-SET TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICAL SWITCHING IN A JOSEPHSON JUNCTION COOPER PAIR TRANSISTOR IN A TUNABLE ENVIRONMENT PHASE SLIP PHENOMENA IN ULTRA-THIN SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES DYNAMICS OF A QUBIT COUPLED TO A HARMONIC OSCILLATOR JOSEPHSON JUNCTION MATERIALS RESEARCH USING PHASE QUBITS ENERGY LEVEL SPECTROSCOPY OF A BOUND VORTEX-ANTIVORTEX PAIR ADIABATIC QUANTUM COMPUTATION WITH FLUX QUBITS ANOMALOUS THERMAL ESCAPE IN JOSEPHSON SYSTEMS PERTURBATED BY MICROWAVES REALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SQUID FLUX QUBIT WITH A DIRECT READOUT SCHEME A CRITIQUE OF THE TWO LEVEL APROXIMATION JOSEPHSON JUNCTION QUBITS WITH SYMMETRIZED COUPLINGS TO A RESONANT LC BUS SPATIAL BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATION IN JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS COOPER PAIR SHUTTLE: A JOSEPHSON QUANTUM KICKED ROTATOR SIZE DEPENDENCE OF THE SUPERCONDUCTOR INSULATOR TRANSITION IN JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS MONTE CARLO METHOD FOR A SUPERCONDUCTING COOPER-PAIR-BOX CHARGE QUBIT MEASURED BY A SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR ON THE CONVERSION OF ULTRACOLD FERMIONICATOMS TO BOSONIC MOLECULES VIA FESHBACH RESONANCES REVEALING ANISOTROPY IN A PAUL TRAP THROUGH BERRY PHASE DISTILLING ANGULAR MOMENTUM SCHRODINGER CATS IN TRAPPED IONS LINEAR-RESPONSE CONDUCTANCE OF THE NORMAL CONDUCTING SINGLE-ELECTRON-PUMP TRASMISSION EIGENVALUES' STATISTICS FOR A QUANTUM POINT CONTACT SQUID RINGS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ENTANGLEMENTS BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETICFIELD MODES VIA A MESOSCOPIC SQUID RING PHOTON-INDUCED ENTANGLEMENT OF DISTANT MESOSCOPIC SQUID RINGS TIME EVOLUTION OF TWO DISTANT SQUID RINGS IRRIDATED WITH ENTANGLED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD PHASE DIAGRAM OF DISSIPATIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS PERSISTENT CURRENTS IN A SUOERCONDUCTOR/NORMAL LOOP JOSEPHSON JUNCTION LADDERS: A REALIZATION OF TOPOLOGICAL ORDER SINGLE-ELECTRON CHARGE QUBIT IN A DOUBLE QUANTUM DOT QUANTUM DOTS FOR SINGLE PHOTON AND PHOTON PAIR TECHNOLOGY SEMICONDUCTOR FEW-ELECTRON QUANTUM DOTS AS SPIN-QUBITS SPIN AMPLIFIER FOR SINGLE SPIN MEASUREMENT ENTANGLEMENT IN QUANTUM-CRITICAL SPIN DESIGNS CONTROL OF NUCLEAR SPINS BY QUANTUM HALL EDGE CHANNELS CLONING OF SINGLE PHOTON BY HIGH GAIN AMPLIFIER

Yu. A. Pashkin

Papers

Experimental investigation of hybrid single-electron turnstiles with high charging energy

Parity effect in superconducting aluminum single electron transistors with spatial gap profile controlled by film thickness

Single-electronic radio-frequency refrigerator.

Potential barrier modification and interface states formation in metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions

Quantum Computing in Solid State Systems